@article{uoadl:3498336,
    volume = "7",
    number = "3",
    journal = "JHEP Reports",
    keywords = "adult; Article; China; Egypt; female; global disease burden; human; India; Kuwait; major clinical study; male; metabolic fatty liver; middle aged; morbidity; prevalence; Qatar; quality of life; risk factor; sex difference; sociodemographics; Sudan; trend study; years lived with disability",
    BIBTEX_ENTRY = "article",
    year = "2025",
    author = "Feng, Gong and Targher, Giovanni and Byrne, Christopher D. and Yilmaz, Yusuf and Wai-Sun Wong, Vincent and Adithya Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi and Adams, Leon A. and Boursier, Jerome and Papatheodoridis, George and El-Kassas, Mohamed and Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum and Sookoian, Silvia and Castera, Laurent and Chan, Wah-Kheong and Ye, Feng and Treeprasertsuk, Sombat and Cortez-Pinto, Helena and Yu, Hon Ho and Kim, Won and Romero-Gómez, Manuel and Nakajima, Atsushi and Win, Khin Maung and Kim, Seung Up and Holleboom, Adriaan G. and Sebastiani, Giada and Ocama, Ponsiano and Ryan, John D. and Lupșor-Platon, Monica and Ghazinyan, Hasmik and Al-Mahtab, Mamun and Hamid, Saeed and Perera, Nilanka and Alswat, Khalid A. and Pan, Qiuwei and Long, Michelle T. and Isakov, Vasily and Mi, Man and Arrese, Marco and Sanyal, Arun J. and Sarin, Shiv Kumar and Leite, Nathalie Carvalho and Valenti, Luca and Newsome, Philip N. and Hagström, Hannes and Petta, Salvatore and Yki-Järvinen, Hannele and Schattenberg, Jörn M. and Castellanos Fernández, Marlen I. and Leclercq, Isabelle A. and Aghayeva, Gulnara and Elzouki, Abdel-Naser and Tumi, Ali and Sharara, Ala I. and Labidi, Asma and Sanai, Faisal M. and Matar, Khaled and Al-Mattooq, Maen and Akroush, Maisam Waid and Benazzouz, Mustapha and Debzi, Nabil and Alkhatry, Maryam and Barakat, Salma and Al-Busafi, Said A. and Rwegasha, John and Yang, Wah and Adwoa, Agyei and Opio, Christopher Kenneth and Sotoudeheian, Mohammadjavad and Wong, Yu Jun and George, Jacob and Zheng, Ming-Hua",
    abstract = "Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total numbers and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population for MASLD prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs were compared across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoothing spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between the burden of MASLD and SDI. Estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardized rates per 100,000 population of point prevalence of MASLD were 15,018.1 cases (95% UI 13,756.5–16,361.4), annual incidence rates were 608.5 cases (598.8–617.7), and YLDs were 0.5 (0.3–0.8) years. MASLD point prevalence was higher in men than women (15,731.4 vs. 14,310.6 cases per 100,000 population). Prevalence peaked at ages 45–49 for men and 50–54 for women. Kuwait (32,312.2 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,947.1–34,839.0), Egypt (31,668.8 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,272.5–34,224.7), and Qatar (31,327.5 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,078.5–33,790.9) had the highest prevalence rates in 2021. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates from 2010 to 2021 were in China (16.9%, 95% UI 14.7%–18.9%), Sudan (13.3%, 95% UI 9.8%–16.7%) and India (13.2%, 95% UI 12.0%–14.4%). MASLD incidence varied with SDI, peaking at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: MASLD is a global health concern, with the highest prevalence reported in Kuwait, Egypt, and Qatar. Raising awareness about risk factors and prevention is essential in every country, especially in China, Sudan and India, where disease incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Impact and implications: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of MASLD, highlighting its rising prevalence and incidence, particularly in countries with varying sociodemographic indices. The findings are significant for both clinicians and policymakers, as they offer critical insights into the regional disparities in MASLD burden, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. However, the study's reliance on modeling and available data suggests cautious interpretation, and further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical and real-world settings. © 2024 The Author(s)",
    title = "Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021",
    doi = "10.1016/J.JHEPR.2024.101271"
}