@article{2976982,
    title = "Measurement and verification of zero energy settlements: Lessons learned from four pilot cases in Europe",
    author = "Mavrigiannaki, A. and Gobakis, K. and Kolokotsa, D. and Kalaitzakis, K. and Pisello, A.L. and Piselli, C. and Gupta, R. and Gregg, M. and Laskari, M. and Saliari, M. and Assimakopoulos, M.-N. and Synnefa, A.",
    journal = "Sustainability (Switzerland)",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "12",
    number = "22",
    pages = "1-16",
    publisher = "MDPI",
    doi = "10.3390/su12229783",
    keywords = "building;  design method;  energy conservation;  energy efficiency;  implementation process;  measurement method;  project management;  quality control, Europe",
    abstract = "Measurement and verification (M&V) has become necessary for ensuring intended design performance. Currently, M&V procedures and calculation methods exist for the assessment of Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) for existing buildings, with a focus on reliable baseline model creation and savings estimation, as well as for reducing the computation time, uncertainties, and M&V costs. There is limited application of rigorous M&V procedures in the design, delivery and operation of low/zero energy dwellings and settlements. In the present paper, M&V for four pilot net-zero energy settlements has been designed and implemented. The M&V has been planned, incorporating guidance from existing protocols, linked to the project development phases, and populated with lessons learned through implementation. The resulting framework demonstrates that M&V is not strictly linked to the operational phase of a project but is rather an integral part of the project management and development. Under this scope, M&V is an integrated, iterative process that is accompanied by quality control in every step. Quality control is a significant component of the M&V, and the proposed quality control procedures can support the preparation and implementation of automated M&V. The proposed framework can be useful to project managers for integrating M&V into the project management and development process and explicitly aligning it with the rest of the design and construction procedures. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}