@article{2980792,
    title = "The role of marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma",
    author = "Giannakoulas, N. and Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I. and Terpos, E.",
    journal = "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "22",
    number = "9",
    publisher = "MDPI AG",
    issn = "1422-0067",
    doi = "10.3390/ijms22094462",
    keywords = "cell adhesion molecule;  cytokine;  growth factor, adipocyte;  angiogenesis;  bone marrow;  cell growth;  human;  mesenchymal stem cell;  microenvironment;  multiple myeloma;  nonhuman;  oncogene;  osteoblast;  osteoclast;  osteocyte;  pathogenesis;  plasma cell;  Review;  tumor suppressor gene;  animal;  bone marrow;  immunology;  multiple myeloma;  pathology;  plasma cell;  tumor microenvironment, Animals;  Bone Marrow;  Humans;  Multiple Myeloma;  Plasma Cells;  Tumor Microenvironment",
    abstract = "The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}