@article{2982452,
    title = "Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study",
    author = "Krys, K. and Yeung, J.C. and Capaldi, C.A. and Lun, V.M.-C. and Torres, C. and van Tilburg, W.A.P. and Bond, M.H. and Zelenski, J.M. and Haas, B.W. and Park, J. and Maricchiolo, F. and Vauclair, C.-M. and Kosiarczyk, A. and Kocimska-Zych, A. and Kwiatkowska, A. and Adamovic, M. and Pavlopoulos, V. and Fülöp, M. and Sirlopu, D. and Okvitawanli, A. and Boer, D. and Teyssier, J. and Malyonova, A. and Gavreliuc, A. and Uchida, Y. and Serdarevich, U. and Akotia, C. and Appoh, L. and Arévalo Mira, D.M. and Baltin, A. and Denoux, P. and Dominguez-Espinosa, A. and Esteves, C.S. and Gamsakhurdia, V. and Garðarsdóttir, R.B. and Igbokwe, D.O. and Igou, E.R. and Işık, İ. and Kascakova, N. and Klůzová Kračmárová, L. and Kronberger, N. and Lee, J.H. and Liu, X. and Barrientos, P.E. and Mohorić, T. and Mustaffa, N.F. and Mosca, O. and Nader, M. and Nadi, A. and van Osch, Y. and Pavlović, Z. and Poláčková Šolcová, I. and Rizwan, M. and Romashov, V. and Røysamb, E. and Sargautyte, R. and Schwarz, B. and Selecká, L. and Selim, H.A. and Stogianni, M. and Sun, C.-R. and Xing, C. and Vignoles, V.L.",
    journal = "The Journal of Positive Psychology",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "17",
    number = "1",
    pages = "117-130",
    publisher = "Routledge",
    issn = "1743-9760, 1743-9779",
    doi = "10.1080/17439760.2020.1858332",
    keywords = "adult;  article;  climate;  controlled study;  emotion regulation;  female;  happiness;  human;  human experiment;  life satisfaction;  major clinical study;  male;  multilevel analysis;  South and Central America;  wellbeing",
    abstract = "In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘societal emotional environment’: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a ‘double-edged sword’ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group."
}