@article{2982520,
    title = "Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits",
    author = "Pauli, R. and Tino, P. and Rogers, J.C. and Baker, R. and Clanton, R. and Birch, P. and Brown, A. and Daniel, G. and Ferreira, L. and Grisley, L. and Kohls, G. and Baumann, S. and Bernhard, A. and Martinelli, A. and Ackermann, K. and Lazaratou, H. and Tsiakoulia, F. and Bali, P. and Oldenhof, H. and Jansen, L. and Smaragdi, A. and Gonzalez-Madruga, K. and Gonzalez-Torres, M.A. and Gonzalez De Artaza-Lavesa, M. and Steppan, M. and Vriends, N. and Bigorra, A. and Siklosi, R. and Ghosh, S. and Bunte, K. and Dochnal, R. and Hervas, A. and Stadler, C. and Fernandez-Rivas, A. and Fairchild, G. and Popma, A. and DIkeos, D. and Konrad, K. and Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. and Freitag, C.M. and Rotshtein, P. and De Brito, S.A.",
    journal = "Development and Psychopathology",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "33",
    number = "3",
    pages = "980-991",
    publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
    issn = "0954-5794, 1469-2198",
    doi = "10.1017/S0954579420000279",
    keywords = "adolescent;  child;  child parent relation;  conduct disorder;  emotion;  empathy;  human;  preschool child, Adolescent;  Child;  Child, Preschool;  Conduct Disorder;  Emotions;  Empathy;  Humans;  Parenting",
    abstract = "Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9-18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020."
}