@article{2982531,
    title = "Is an Emphasis on Dignity, Honor and Face more an Attribute of Individuals or of Cultural Groups?",
    author = "Smith, P.B. and Easterbrook, M.J. and Koc, Y. and Lun, V.M.-C. and Papastylianou, D. and Grigoryan, L. and Torres, C. and Efremova, M. and Hassan, B. and Abbas, A. and Ahmad, A.H. and al-Bayati, A. and Selim, H.A. and Anderson, J. and Cross, S.E. and Delfino, G.I. and Gamsakhurdia, V. and Gavreliuc, A. and Gavreliuc, D. and Gul, P. and Günsoy, C. and Hakobjanyan, A. and Lay, S. and Lopukhova, O. and Hu, P. and Sunar, D. and Texeira, M.L.M. and Tripodi, D. and Diaz Rivera, P.E. and van Osch, Y. and Yuki, M. and Ogusu, N. and Kwantes, C.T. and Diaz-Loving, R. and Pérez-Floriano, L. and Chaleeraktrakoon, T. and Chobthamkit, P.",
    journal = "CROSS CULTURAL RESEARCH",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "55",
    number = "2-3",
    pages = "95-126",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
    issn = "1069-3971",
    doi = "10.1177/1069397120979571",
    keywords = "adult;  article;  attitude;  clinical article;  conflict;  controlled study;  human;  human dignity;  logic;  multilevel analysis;  perception;  university student",
    abstract = "This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed. © 2020 SAGE Publications."
}