@article{2984405,
    title = "Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures",
    author = "Bond, M.H. and Leung, K. and Au, A. and Tong, K.-K. and De Carrasquel, S.R. and Murakami, F. and Yamaguchi, S. and Bierbrauer, G. and Singelis, T.M. and Broer, M. and Boen, F. and Lambert, S.M. and Ferreira, M.C. and Noels, K.A. and Van Bavel, J. and Safdar, S. and Zhang, J. and Chen, L. and Solcova, I. and Stetovska, I. and Niit, T. and Niit, K.-K. and Hurme, H. and Böling, M. and Franchi, V. and Magradze, G. and Javakhishvili, N. and Boehnke, K. and Klinger, E. and Huang, X. and Fulop, M. and Berkics, M. and Panagiotopoulou, P. and Sriram, S. and Chaudhary, N. and Ghosh, A. and Vohra, N. and Iqbal, D.F. and Kurman, J. and Thein, R.D. and Comunian, A.L. and Son, K.A. and Austers, I. and Harb, C. and Odusanya, J.O.T. and Ahmed, Z.A. and Ismail, R. and Van De Vijver, F. and Ward, C. and Mogaji, A. and Sam, D.L. and Khan, M.J.Z. and Cabanillas, W.E. and Sycip, L. and Neto, F. and Cabecinhas, R. and Xavier, P. and Dinca, M. and Lebedeva, N. and Viskochil, A. and Ponomareva, O. and Burgess, S.M. and Oceja, L. and Campo, S. and Hwang, K.-K. and D'Souza, J.B. and Ataca, B. and Furnham, A. and Lewis, J.R.",
    journal = "Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology",
    year = "2004",
    volume = "35",
    number = "5",
    pages = "548-570",
    publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
    issn = "0022-0221, 1552-5422",
    doi = "10.1177/0022022104268388",
    abstract = "Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set."
}