@article{2984889,
    title = "Percutaneous cryoanalgesia for pain palliation: Current status and future trends",
    author = "Filippiadis, D. and Efthymiou, E. and Tsochatzis, A. and Kelekis, A. and Prologo, J.D.",
    journal = "Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "102",
    number = "5",
    pages = "273-278",
    publisher = "Elsevier Masson s.r.l.",
    issn = "2211-5684",
    doi = "10.1016/j.diii.2020.11.007",
    keywords = "antibiotic agent;  argon;  ice;  liquid nitrogen;  local anesthetic agent;  nitrous oxide, abdominal tumor;  abscess;  alopecia;  antibiotic prophylaxis;  bleeding;  cancer patient;  chronic scrotal pain;  computer assisted tomography;  cone beam computed tomography;  conscious sedation;  contusion;  cryoanesthesia;  depigmentation;  fluoroscopy;  frostbite;  general anesthesia;  human;  infection;  intractable pain;  limb pain;  local anesthesia;  muscle necrosis;  nerve sheath tumor;  neuralgia;  neuroma;  nuclear magnetic resonance imaging;  pain;  palliative therapy;  pathophysiology;  pelvis tumor;  percutaneous cryoanalgesia;  postherpetic neuralgia;  postoperative pain;  pudendal neuralgia;  Short Survey;  skin necrosis;  thorax tumor;  tissue injury;  ultrasound;  analgesia;  cryotherapy;  pain;  peripheral neuropathy;  randomized controlled trial (topic), Analgesia;  Cryotherapy;  Humans;  Pain;  Pain Management;  Peripheral Nervous System Diseases;  Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
    abstract = "Cryoanalgesia, otherwise termed cryoneurolysis, refers to application of extreme cold upon peripheral nerves for palliation of pain associated to nerve lesions or biomechanical syndromes of neoplastic and non-neoplastic substrate. Application of cryoanalgesia initiates a cascade of pathophysiologic events interrupting nerve conduction of painful stimuli without irreversible nerve damage. Cryoanalgesia is considered a safe procedure with minimal risk of complications when performed with percutaneous approaches under imaging guidance. In the era of an opioid overdose crisis, cryoanalgesia can be proposed as an alternative aiming at controlling pain and improving life quality. Imaging guidance has substituted open surgical and nerve stimulation approaches in nerve identification, significantly contributing to the minimally invasive character of percutaneous approaches. Ultrasound or computed tomography can serve as low cost, ideal guiding techniques due to their abilities for precise anatomic delineation, high spatial resolution and good tissue contrast. The purpose of this review is to become familiar with the most common imaging guided percutaneous cryoanalgesia indications, to learn about different technical considerations during performance providing the current evidence. Controversies concerning products will be addressed. © 2020 Société française de radiologie"
}