@article{2987143,
    title = "The effect of table olive wastewater extract administration on the adult ovariectomised rat model of osteoporosis",
    author = "Zervas, A.S. and Lelovas, P.P. and Galanos, A. and Galanis, D. and Makropoulou, M. and Beteinakis, S. and Patsaki, A. and Passali, C. and Kourkoulis, S.K. and Triantafyllou, A. and Chronopoulos, E. and Skaltsounis, A.L. and Dontas, I.A.",
    journal = "British Journal of Nutrition",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "126",
    number = "12",
    pages = "1761-1770",
    publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
    issn = "0007-1145, 1475-2662",
    doi = "10.1017/S0007114521000465",
    keywords = "alanine aminotransferase;  alcohol;  atipamezole;  bisphosphonic acid derivative;  calcium;  carprofen;  cholesterol;  denosumab;  dexmedetomidine;  enrofloxacin;  gamma glutamyltransferase;  high density lipoprotein cholesterol;  hydroxytyrosol;  ketamine;  low density lipoprotein cholesterol;  olive extract;  phosphorus;  plant extract;  polycarbonate;  selective estrogen receptor modulator;  strontium ranelate;  thiopental;  tyrosol;  unclassified drug, abdominal fat;  adult;  alanine aminotransferase blood level;  alcohol consumption;  animal experiment;  animal model;  Article;  biomechanics;  body weight;  bone density;  cholesterol blood level;  controlled study;  dual energy X ray absorptiometry;  ex vivo study;  fat mass;  female;  femur;  gastrocnemius muscle;  high performance liquid chromatography;  nonhuman;  osteoporosis;  ovariectomy;  ovary tissue;  postmenopause osteoporosis;  proximal tibia;  rat;  tibia",
    abstract = "Recent efforts for alternative non-pharmaceutical treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are focused on nutritional measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of table olive wastewater extract (OE) administration on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical strength in ovariectomised rats. Thirty mature 9-month-old female Wistar rats were separated into three groups of ten: Control, Ovariectomised (OVX) and OVX + OE. BMD was measured before ovariectomy, 3 and 6 months afterwards. At the end of the study, blood, both femurs and tibias, internal organs and abdominal fat were collected. After 3 months, the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Similar results were found after 6 months, when the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX + OE group were both higher compared with the OVX group (P < 0·005). Biomechanical testing of the femurs did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the groups. Body weights throughout the study, organs' and abdominal fat ratios to final body weight and blood results (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Ca and P) were within normal limits and did not show any significant difference between the treated and untreated groups. As a conclusion, the administration of OE for 6 months protected tibial BMD loss in comparison with the untreated OVX group without causing adverse effects. ©"
}