@article{2987536,
    title = "Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of lymphoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition",
    author = "Solans, M. and Benavente, Y. and Saez, M. and Agudo, A. and Jakszyn, P. and Naudin, S. and Hosnijeh, F.S. and Gunter, M. and Huybrechts, I. and Ferrari, P. and Besson, C. and Mahamat-Saleh, Y. and Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. and Kühn, T. and Kaaks, R. and Boeing, H. and Lasheras, C. and Sánchez, M.-J. and Amiano, P. and Chirlaque, M.D. and Ardanaz, E. and Schmidt, J.A. and Vineis, P. and Riboli, E. and Trichopoulou, A. and Karakatsani, A. and Valanou, E. and Masala, G. and Agnoli, C. and Tumino, R. and Sacerdote, C. and Mattiello, A. and Skeie, G. and Weiderpass, E. and Jerkeman, M. and Dias, J.A. and Späth, F. and Nilsson, L.M. and Dahm, C.C. and Overvad, K. and Petersen, K.E.N. and Tjønneland, A. and de Sanjose, S. and Vermeulen, R. and Nieters, A. and Casabonne, D.",
    journal = "European Journal of Nutrition",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "59",
    number = "2",
    pages = "813-823",
    publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
    issn = "1436-6207, 1436-6215",
    doi = "10.1007/s00394-019-01947-0",
    keywords = "adult;  Article;  cancer risk;  confidence interval;  diet;  European;  female;  follow up;  hazard ratio;  Hodgkin disease;  human;  inflammation;  lymphoma;  major clinical study;  male;  middle aged;  nonhodgkin lymphoma;  nutrition;  proportional hazards model;  scoring system;  statistical significance;  trend study;  adverse event;  aged;  causality;  cohort analysis;  diet;  Europe;  inflammation;  lymphoma;  nutritional status;  pathology;  prospective study;  risk factor, Adult;  Aged;  Causality;  Cohort Studies;  Diet;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Inflammation;  Lymphoma;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Nutritional Status;  Prospective Studies;  Risk Factors",
    abstract = "Introduction: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in lymphomagenesis and several dietary factors seem to be involved its regulation. The aim of the current study was to assess the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the risk of lymphoma and its subtypes in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: The analysis included 476,160 subjects with an average follow-up of 13.9 years, during which 3,136 lymphomas (135 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 2606 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 395 NOS) were identified. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed by means of an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD), calculated using 28 dietary components and their corresponding inflammatory weights. The association between the ISD and lymphoma risk was estimated by hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated by multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The ISD was not associated with overall lymphoma risk. Among lymphoma subtypes, a positive association between the ISD and mature B-cell NHL (HR for a 1-SD increase: 1.07 (95% CI 1.01; 1.14), p trend = 0.03) was observed. No statistically significant association was found among other subtypes. However, albeit with smaller number of cases, a suggestive association was observed for HL (HR for a 1-SD increase = 1.22 (95% CI 0.94; 1.57), p trend 0.13). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that a high ISD score, reflecting a pro-inflammatory diet, was modestly positively associated with the risk of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Further large prospective studies on low-grade inflammation induced by diet are warranted to confirm these findings. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature."
}