@article{2987657,
    title = "Lean women on metformin and oral contraceptives for polycystic ovary syndrome demonstrate a dehydrated osteosarcopenic phenotype: A pilot study",
    author = "Stefanaki, C. and Bacopoulou, F. and Kandaraki, E. and Boschiero, D. and Diamandi-Kandarakis, E.",
    journal = "Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "11",
    number = "9",
    publisher = "MDPI AG",
    issn = "1385-1314",
    doi = "10.3390/nu11092055",
    keywords = "metformin;  oral contraceptive agent;  antidiabetic agent;  metformin;  oral contraceptive agent, adipose tissue;  adult;  Article;  body composition;  body fat;  body mass;  bone mass;  bone mineral;  controlled study;  cross-sectional study;  dehydration;  dual energy X ray absorptiometry;  extracellular fluid;  fat free mass;  fat mass;  female;  glycogen muscle level;  human;  lean body weight;  major clinical study;  osteoporosis;  ovary polycystic disease;  pilot study;  sarcopenia;  total body water;  drug effect;  ovary polycystic disease;  young adult, Adult;  Body Composition;  Contraceptives, Oral;  Female;  Humans;  Hypoglycemic Agents;  Metformin;  Pilot Projects;  Polycystic Ovary Syndrome;  Young Adult",
    abstract = "Scarce data exist on the body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on treatment with metformin and oral contraceptives (OCs). Thirty-four lean (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) women (17 with PCOS on metformin and OCs treatment for six months and 17 controls) aged 18–40 years were assessed for body composition parameters (fat, muscle, glycogen, protein masses, bone masses, and body water compartments) and phase angles. PCOS patients demonstrated lower muscle, glycogen and protein masses (U = 60, p = 0.003), along with a lower bone mineral content and mass (U = 78, p = 0.021; U = 74, p = 0.014) than their healthy counterparts, while total and abdominal fat masses were similar between the two groups. PCOS patients also exhibited increased extracellular body water (U = 10, p < 0.001) and decreased intracellular water, compatible with low-grade inflammation and cellular dehydration. Key differences in body composition between women with PCOS and controls demonstrated an osteosarcopenic body composition phenotype in PCOS patients. A confirmation of these findings in larger studies may render osteosarcopenia management a targeted adjunct therapy in women with PCOS. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}