@article{2987921,
    title = "Clinical outcomes and neuroimaging profiles in nondisabled patients with anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage",
    author = "Lioutas, V.-A. and Goyal, N. and Katsanos, A.H. and Krogias, C. and Zand, R. and Sharma, V.K. and Varelas, P. and Malhotra, K. and Paciaroni, M. and Sharaf, A. and Chang, J. and Karapanayiotides, T. and Kargiotis, O. and Pappa, A. and Mai, J. and Pandhi, A. and Schroeder, C. and Tsantes, A. and Mehta, C. and Kerro, A. and Khan, A. and Mitsias, P.D. and Selim, M.H. and Alexandrov, A.V. and Tsivgoulis, G.",
    journal = "ISRN Stroke",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "49",
    number = "10",
    pages = "2309-2316",
    publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
    issn = "2090-9454",
    doi = "10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021979",
    keywords = "andexanet alfa;  anticoagulant agent;  antithrombocytic agent;  antivitamin K;  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor;  idarucizumab;  anticoagulant agent;  vitamin K group;  warfarin, aged;  brain hematoma;  brain hemorrhage;  clinical outcome;  cohort analysis;  comorbidity;  Conference Paper;  female;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  mortality;  multivariate analysis;  National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale;  neuroimaging;  observational study;  priority journal;  prospective study;  Rankin scale;  tertiary care center;  brain hemorrhage;  hematoma;  middle aged;  oral drug administration;  treatment outcome;  very elderly, Administration, Oral;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Anticoagulants;  Cerebral Hemorrhage;  Female;  Hematoma;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Neuroimaging;  Prospective Studies;  Treatment Outcome;  Vitamin K;  Warfarin",
    abstract = "Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to prospectively validate our prior findings of smaller hematoma volume and lesser neurological deficit in nonvitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) compared with Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Prospective 12-month observational study in 15 tertiary stroke centers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Consecutive patients with premorbid modified Rankin Scale score of <2 with acute nontraumatic anticoagulant-related ICH divided into 2 groups according to the type of anticoagulant: NOAC versus VKA. We recorded baseline ICH volume, significant hematoma expansion (absolute [12.5 mL] or relative [>33%] increase), neurological severity measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 90-day mortality, and functional status (modified Rankin Scale score). Results: Our cohort comprised 196 patients, 62 NOAC related (mean age, 75.0±11.4 years; 54.8% men) and 134 VKA related (mean age, 72.3±10.5; 73.1% men). There were no differences in vascular comorbidities, antiplatelet, and statin use; NOAC-related ICH patients had lower median baseline hematoma volume (13.8 [2.5-37.6] versus 19.5 [6.6-52.0] mL; P=0.026) and were less likely to have severe neurological deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of >10 points) on admission (37% versus 55.3%, P=0.025). VKA-ICH were more likely to have significant hematoma expansion (37.4% versus 17%, P=0.008). NOAC pretreatment was independently associated with smaller baseline hematoma volume (standardized linear regression coefficient:−0.415 [95% CI, −0.780 to −0.051]) resulting in lower likelihood of severe neurological deficit (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22−0.85) in multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusions-Patients with NOAC-related ICH have smaller baseline hematoma volumes and lower odds of severe neurological deficit compared with VKA-related ICH. These findings are important for practicing clinicians making anticoagulation choices. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc."
}