@article{2990053,
    title = "Type iiib tibial tubercle avulsion fracture: A case report",
    author = "Flevas, D.A. and Sioutis, S. and Bekos, A. and Georgoulis, J. and Antoniadou, T. and Mavrogenis, A.F.",
    journal = "Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "30",
    number = "2",
    pages = "119-123",
    publisher = "Begell House, Inc",
    issn = "1050-6934",
    doi = "10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2020035921",
    keywords = "Patient treatment, Cannulated screws;  Eccentric contraction;  Fracture pattern;  Mechanism of injury;  Osteosynthesis;  Patellar Tendon;  Quadriceps femoris muscles;  Rehabilitation protocols, Fracture, cephalosporin;  heparin, adolescent;  Article;  avulsion fracture;  bone radiography;  case report;  clinical article;  exercise;  fluoroscopy;  general anesthesia;  human;  integumentary system;  knee function;  knee injury;  knee pain;  male;  osteosynthesis;  physical examination;  quadriceps femoris muscle;  scar tissue;  subcutaneous tissue;  tibial epiphysis;  avulsion fracture;  bone screw;  diagnostic imaging;  tibia;  tibia fracture, Adolescent;  Bone Screws;  Fracture Fixation, Internal;  Fractures, Avulsion;  Humans;  Male;  Tibia;  Tibial Fractures",
    abstract = "Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures are uncommon injuries that are seen mostly in adolescent male patients during athletic activities. The mechanism of injury usually involves a strong eccentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle when the proximal tibial physis is closing, leading to failure of the physis at the patellar tendon insertion. The treatment of patients with tibial tubercle avulsion fractures depends on the fracture pattern; it can be conservative with immobilization in a long leg cast in extension for 6 weeks with minimal displacement (<2 mm) and/or acceptable displacement after closed reduction/cast application. Or it can be surgical. This article presents a 14-year-old boy with an Ogden type IIIB tibial tubercle avulsion fracture that was misdiagnosed on radiographs at presentation as type IB. Open reduction and cannulated screw osteosynthesis was done. The outcome was excellent after a 12-week rehabilitation protocol. © 2020 by Begell House, Inc. www.begellhouse.com."
}