@article{2990275,
    title = "Application of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial critical-sized defects: A pilot study",
    author = "Chatzipetros, E. and Christopoulos, P. and Donta, C. and Tosios, K.I. and Tsi-Ambas, E. and Tsiourvas, D. and Kalogirou, E.-M. and Tsiklakis, K.",
    journal = "Medicine Oral: Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "23",
    number = "5",
    pages = "e625-e632",
    publisher = "Medicina Oral S.L.",
    issn = "1698-4447, 1698-6946",
    doi = "10.4317/medoral.22455",
    keywords = "caprofen;  carprofen;  chitosan;  enrofloxacin;  hydroxyapatite;  molecular scaffold;  polyglactin;  sodium chloride;  unclassified drug;  biomaterial;  chitosan;  hydroxyapatite;  nanoparticle, adult;  analysis of variance;  anatomy;  animal experiment;  animal model;  animal tissue;  Article;  biological activity;  bone regeneration;  calvaria;  cell infiltration;  controlled study;  deacetylation;  elasticity;  female;  freeze drying;  histology;  in vitro study;  inflammation;  laminar flow;  male;  microscopy;  molecular mechanics;  molecular weight;  morphometry;  nonhuman;  observational study;  osteocyte;  parietal bone;  pathology;  rat;  research;  animal;  bone development;  drug effect;  pilot study;  skull;  Sprague Dawley rat;  surgery;  tissue scaffold, Animals;  Biocompatible Materials;  Bone Development;  Chitosan;  Female;  Hydroxyapatites;  Male;  Nanoparticles;  Pilot Projects;  Rats;  Rats, Sprague-Dawley;  Skull;  Tissue Scaffolds",
    abstract = "Background: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate for the first time the effect of 75/25 w/w nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in rat calvarial critical-sized defects (CSDs). Material and Methods: Six adult Sprague Dawley rats, 3 males and 3 females, were used. Two CSDs, full thickness and 5mm in diameter, were trephined in both sides of the parietal bone. The right CSD was filled with nHAp/ CS scaffold, while the left CSD remained empty, as the control group. The wound was sutured in layers. Rats were euthanized with diethyl ether inhalation at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgical procedure. Histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed within distinct regions of interest (ROI): the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam; the lateral area outward of the middle sagittal seam and the central area. Results: The mean surface of newly formed bone (in μm 2 ) in the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam of all rats was significantly higher (P=0.039) in the experimental group (91733.00±38855.60) than the control group (46762.17±25507.97). The NOex-c, defined as total number of osteocytes (OST) in newly formed bone surface in experimental group [experimental OST] minus the total number of osteocytes in newly formed bone surface in control group [control OST], was significantly greater (P=0.029) at 4 th week post-surgery. Within the experimental group, a statistically significant increase (P=0.042) in the surface of newly formed bone was noticed in rats euthanized in 4 th week compared with rats euthanized in 2 nd week after surgery in the lateral area inward of the middle sagittal seam. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds should be considered as a suitable biomaterial for GBR. © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F."
}