@article{2990787,
    title = "Hand-Schüler-Christian disease presenting with recurrent, bilateral, symmetrical mandibular lesions in an 8-year-old boy: Report of a case",
    author = "Emmanouil, D. and Birpou, E. and Chatzidimitriou, K. and Matsioula, C. and Christopoulos, P. and Tosios, K.",
    journal = "Special Care in Dentistry",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "35",
    number = "6",
    pages = "316-321",
    issn = "0275-1879, 1754-4505",
    doi = "10.1111/scd.12126",
    keywords = "biopsy;  case report;  differential diagnosis;  Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell;  human;  infant;  male;  Mandibular Diseases;  panoramic radiography;  pathology, Biopsy;  Diagnosis, Differential;  Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell;  Humans;  Infant;  Male;  Mandibular Diseases;  Radiography, Panoramic",
    abstract = "Introduction Hand-Schüller-Christian disease (HSC) is the unisystem multifocal form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and is primarily seen in infants and children. Case report An 8-year-old boy was referred for acute mandibular pain. His medical history included otic LCH and diabetes insipidus at age of 11 months. Intraorally, a pressure sensitive swelling, and radiographically, extensive bone loss were revealed on the area of lower second primary molars. The primary molars were extracted and histological examination confirmed the final diagnosis of HSC. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and the lesions decreased considerably. Two years later, a new swelling was recorded in the same area bilaterally. Biopsy confirmed recurrent HSC disease and the patient entered an alternative chemotherapy protocol. Six months later, improvement of the lesions was revealed. Conclusions Dentists can contribute to a timely and valid identification of HSC disease by correctly differentially diagnosing lesions of head and neck. © 2015 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc."
}