@article{2990849,
    title = "Aging resistance of surface-treated dental zirconia",
    author = "Inokoshi, M. and Vanmeensel, K. and Zhang, F. and De Munck, J. and Eliades, G. and Minakuchi, S. and Naert, I. and Van Meerbeek, B. and Vleugels, J.",
    journal = "DENTAL MATERIALS",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "31",
    number = "2",
    pages = "182-194",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA",
    issn = "0109-5641",
    doi = "10.1016/j.dental.2014.11.018",
    keywords = "Aging of materials;  Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Cerium oxide;  Indium compounds;  Silica;  Sintering;  Surface treatment;  Temperature;  Volume fraction;  Yttrium oxide;  Zirconia, Low-temperature degradations;  Rough polishing;  Sintered specimen;  Specimen dimension;  Tetragonal zirconia;  Tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation;  Tribochemical silica sandblasting;  Yttria-stabilized, Surface resistance, acrylic acid resin;  aluminum oxide;  dental porcelain;  In-Ceram Zirconia;  IPS e.max CAD LT;  polyurethan;  resin;  silicon dioxide;  Vita Hi Ceram;  Vivadent;  yttria;  yttrium;  zirconium;  zirconium oxide, chemistry;  dental etching;  materials testing;  procedures;  surface property;  X ray diffraction, Acrylic Resins;  Aluminum Oxide;  Composite Resins;  Dental Etching;  Dental Porcelain;  Materials Testing;  Polyurethanes;  Silicon Dioxide;  Surface Properties;  X-Ray Diffraction;  Yttrium;  Zirconium",
    abstract = "The influence of surface treatment on the low-temperature degradation (LTD) of tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (TZP) is still unclear. Objectives The effect of surface treatments on the LTD behavior of zirconia was investigated. Methods Fully-sintered specimens of seven commercial dental zirconia (Aadva, GC; In-CeramYZ, VITA; IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent; LAVA Frame and LAVA Plus, 3M ESPE; NANOZR, Panasonic; ZirTough, Kuraray Noritake) were provided by the manufacturers with specimen dimensions of approximately 10 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm. For each zirconia grade, samples were kept 'as sintered' (untreated) or were subjected to one of the three surface treatments: rough polished, sandblasted with Al2O3, tribochemical silica sandblasted (n = 3/group). The tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was evaluated by X-ray diffraction at several intervals during LTD testing up to 40 h in steam in an autoclave (134 °C, 2 bar). Results The five yttria-stabilized TZP (Y-TZP: Aadva, In-CeramYZ, IPS e.max ZirCAD, LAVA Frame, LAVA Plus) zirconia showed a similar trend in LTD behavior. The Al2O3 sandblasted zirconia showed the highest monoclinic volume fraction. The as sintered (untreated) zirconia degraded faster than the surface-treated zirconia. Although the surface-treated ceria-stabilized TZP/alumina (Ce-TZP/Al2O3: NANOZR) zirconia had a higher initial monoclinic volume fraction compared to the Y-TZP zirconia, it showed a stronger aging resistance. The as sintered (untreated) Y-TZP/alumina (Y-TZP/Al2O3: ZirTough) zirconia showed a strong aging resistance, whereas the surface-treated Y-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia degraded slightly. Significance Surface treatment improved the aging resistance of Y-TZP zirconia. Surface treatment did not affect the LTD behavior of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia, while surface treatment decreased the aging resistance of Y-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia. © 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."
}