@article{2992009,
    title = "Determination of facial symmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients from three-dimensional data: Technical report and assessment of measurement errors",
    author = "Nkenke, E. and Lehner, B. and Kramer, M. and Haeusler, G. and Benz, S. and Schuster, M. and Neukam, F.W. and Vairaktaris, E.G. and Wurm, J.",
    journal = "THE CLEFT  PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL  JOURNAL",
    year = "2006",
    volume = "43",
    number = "2",
    pages = "129-137",
    issn = "1055-6656",
    doi = "10.1597/04-138.1",
    keywords = "article;  calculation;  cleft lip;  cleft palate;  correlation coefficient;  diagnostic error;  distance perception;  face asymmetry;  Germany;  human;  priority journal;  reliability;  surface property;  three dimensional imaging, Anthropometry;  Child;  Cleft Lip;  Cleft Palate;  Face;  Facial Asymmetry;  Humans;  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted;  Imaging, Three-Dimensional;  Optics",
    abstract = "Objective: To assess measurement errors of a novel technique for the three-dimensional determination of the degree of facial symmetry in patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip and palate malformations. Design: Technical report, reliability study. Setting: Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. Patients: The three-dimensional facial surface data of five 10-year-old unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were subjected to the analysis. Distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes were assessed twice. Main Outcome Measures: Calculations were made for method error, intraclass correlation coefficient, and repeatability of the measurements of distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes. Results: The method errors were less than 1 mm for distances and less than 1.5° for angles. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed values greater than .90 for all parameters. The repeatability values were comparable for cleft and noncleft sides. Conclusion: The small method errors, high intraclass correlation coefficients, and comparable repeatability values for cleft and noncleft sides reveal that the new technique is appropriate for clinical use."
}