@article{2997324,
    title = "An updated brief overview on post-traumatic headache and a systematic review of the non-pharmacological interventions for its management",
    author = "Argyriou, A.A. and Mitsikostas, D.-D. and Mantovani, E. and Litsardopoulos, P. and Panagiotopoulos, V. and Tamburin, S.",
    journal = "Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "21",
    number = "4",
    pages = "475-490",
    publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
    issn = "1473-7175, 1744-8360",
    doi = "10.1080/14737175.2021.1900734",
    keywords = "placebo, acupuncture;  adult;  Beck Depression Inventory;  behavior therapy;  binocular vision dysfunction questionnaire;  brain depth stimulation;  Brief Pain Inventory;  brief pain inventory headache;  british columbia post concussion symptom inventory;  chronic pain grade;  clinical feature;  clinician administered ptsd scale;  cognitive behavioral exercise approach;  cognitive behavioral therapy;  cognitive defect;  comorbidity;  conner continuous performance test;  dizziness handicap inventory;  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex;  Dynamic Gait Index;  epidemiological data;  evidence based practice;  female;  functional near-infrared spectroscopy;  Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7;  Hamilton Depression Rating Scale;  headache;  headache and facial pain;  headache triggers sensitivity and avoidance questionnaire;  Hopkins verbal learning test;  human;  kinesiotherapy;  learning to cope with trigger;  Major Depression Inventory;  male;  managed care;  medical outcomes study sleep scale;  mental disease;  migraine;  migraine disability assessment scale;  mississippi scale;  molecular pathology;  multidimensional fatigue inventory;  neck pain;  needling therapy;  nerve stimulation;  neuromodulation;  pain assessment;  pathophysiology;  Patient Health Questionnaire 9;  physiotherapy;  Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index;  posttraumatic headache;  posttraumatic stress disorder;  preemptive therapy;  Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses;  psychological aspect;  randomized controlled trial (topic);  rehabilitation care;  Review;  Satisfaction with Life Scale;  self efficacy for symptom management scale;  Short Form 36;  spreading cortical depression;  Stroop test;  symptom;  Symptom Checklist 90;  systematic review;  tension headache;  traumatic brain injury;  Wechsler adult intelligence scale;  whiplash injury;  cognitive behavioral therapy;  migraine;  posttraumatic headache;  traumatic brain injury, Brain Injuries, Traumatic;  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy;  Headache;  Humans;  Migraine Disorders;  Post-Traumatic Headache",
    abstract = "Introduction: Post-traumatic headache (PTH), a common type of headache secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or whiplash, carries a relevant burden on patients. PTH is still an undertreated condition because of limited pharmacological treatment options. Therefore, multimodal non-pharmacologic approaches, which account for comorbidities and biopsychosocial factors, are often used in PTH patients. Areas covered: After providing a brief overview of PTH, a systematic review was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations on recently published (2015–2020) papers on non-pharmacological interventions for PTH. We also collected data on ongoing trials on this topic. Studies and results are reviewed and discussed. Expert opinion: PTH is one of the most common complications of TBI and accounts for almost 4% of symptomatic headache disorders. The most common clinical presentations of PTH are migraine-like or tension type (TTH)-like headache, neck pain, cognitive complaints, and psychological/psychiatric symptoms. Growing evidence suggests that combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, encompassing noninvasive neuromodulation, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, and education, may be the best approaches for PTH and related comorbidities. Acute/preemptive pharmacological treatments for PTH include drugs used for migraine and TTH. When PTH management is multidisciplinary, the patient benefits most. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group."
}