@article{2997328,
    title = "Serum Uric Acid in LRRK2 Related Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Data from the PPMI Study",
    author = "Bougea, A. and Koros, C. and Papagiannakis, N. and Simitsi, A.-M. and Prentakis, A. and Papadimitriou, D. and Pachi, I. and Antonelou, R. and Angelopoulou, E. and Beratis, I. and Bozi, M. and Papageorgiou, S.G. and Trapali, X.G. and Stamelou, M. and Stefanis, L.",
    journal = "Journal of Parkinson's Disease",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "11",
    number = "2",
    pages = "633-640",
    publisher = "IOS Press BV",
    issn = "1877-7171, 1877-718x",
    doi = "10.3233/JPD-202337",
    keywords = "leucine rich repeat kinase 2;  uric acid;  biological marker;  leucine rich repeat kinase 2;  LRRK2 protein, human;  uric acid, adult;  aging;  Article;  body mass;  cohort analysis;  comparative study;  controlled study;  disease severity;  female;  follow up;  Geriatric Depression Scale;  human;  longitudinal study;  LRRK2 gene;  major clinical study;  male;  middle aged;  Montreal cognitive assessment;  Parkinson disease;  pathogenesis;  priority journal;  sex ratio;  Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale;  uric acid blood level;  aged;  chemistry;  genetics;  metabolism;  mutation;  Parkinson disease, Aged;  Biomarkers;  Humans;  Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2;  Mutation;  Parkinson Disease;  Uric Acid",
    abstract = "Background: Previous studies have highlighted serum uric acid as a putative idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) biomarker. Only one study, so far, showed higher levels of serum uric acid in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK+2) carriers compared to those who developed PD, however a longitudinal comparison between LRRK2+PD and healthy controls (HC) has not been performed. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are longitudinal differences in serum uric acid between iPD, LRRK2+PD and HC and their association with motor and non-motor features. Methods: Longitudinal data of uric acid of 282 de novo iPD, 144 LRRK2+PD patients, and 195 age-matched HC were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. We also used longitudinal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores, and DaTSCAN striatal binding ratios (SBRs). Results: Longitudinal uric acid measurements were significantly lower in LRRK2+PD patients compared to HC up to 5 years follow-up. There was no significant impact or correlation of adjusted or unadjusted uric acid levels with MoCA, MDS-UPDRS III, or GDS scores, the presence of RBD or DAT-SCAN SBRs. Conclusion: LRRK2+PD group had significantly lower uric acid concentrations compared to HC after adjusting for age, sex and baseline BMI up to 5 years follow-up. There were no significant associations between uric acid levels and indices of disease severity. These findings identify serum uric acid as a marker linked to LRRK2+PD. © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved."
}