@article{2997668,
    title = "A cortical substrate for square-wave jerks in progressive supranuclear palsy",
    author = "Anagnostou, E. and Karavasilis, E. and Potiri, I. and Constantinides, V. and Efstathopoulos, E. and Kapaki, E. and Potagas, C.",
    journal = "Journal of Clinical Neurology (Korea)",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "16",
    number = "1",
    pages = "37-45",
    publisher = "Korean Neurological Association",
    doi = "10.3988/jcn.2020.16.1.37",
    keywords = "adrenal cortex;  amplitude modulation;  Article;  basal ganglion;  brain size;  clinical article;  controlled study;  eye movement;  eye movement disorder;  human;  image analysis;  neuroimaging;  nuclear magnetic resonance imaging;  oculomotor nerve;  post hoc analysis;  progressive supranuclear palsy;  saccadic eye movement;  square wave jerk",
    abstract = "Background and Purpose Square-wave jerks (SWJs) are the most common saccadic intrusion in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but their genesis is uncertain. We aimed to determine the characteristics of SWJs in PSP (the Richardson subtype) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to map the brain structures responsible for abnormal SWJ parameters in PSP. Methods Eye movements in 12 patients with PSP, 12 patients with PD, and 12 age-matched healthy controls were recorded using an infrared corneal reflection device. The rate, mean amplitude, and velocity of SWJs were analyzed offline. Voxel-based morphometry using a 3-Tesla MRI scanner was performed to relate changes in brain volume to SWJ parameters. Results The SWJ rate was more than threefold higher in PSP patients than in both PD patients and controls (mean rates: 33.5, 10.3, and 4.3 SWJs per minute, respectively). The volumes of neither the midbrain nor other infratentorial brain regions were correlated with the SWJ rate. Instead, highly significant associations were found for atrophy in the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri in the PSP group. Conclusions SWJs in PSP are not mediated by midbrain atrophy. Instead, supratentorial cortical structures located mainly in the temporal lobe appear to be deeply involved in the generation of abnormally high SWJ rates in these patients. Known anatomical connections of the temporal lobe to the superior colliculus and the cerebellum might play a role in SWJ genesis. © 2020 Korean Neurological Association."
}