@article{2999803,
    title = "Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®",
    author = "Sousa-Pinto, B. and Eklund, P. and Pfaar, O. and Klimek, L. and Zuberbier, T. and Czarlewski, W. and Bédard, A. and Bindslev-Jensen, C. and Bedbrook, A. and Bosnic-Anticevich, S. and Brussino, L. and Cardona, V. and Cruz, A.A. and de Vries, G. and Devillier, P. and Fokkens, W.J. and Fuentes-Pérez, J.M. and Gemicioğlu, B. and Haahtela, T. and Huerta-Villalobos, Y.R. and Ivancevich, J.C. and Kull, I. and Kuna, P. and Kvedariene, V. and Larenas Linnemann, D.E. and Laune, D. and Makris, M. and Melén, E. and Morais-Almeida, M. and Mösges, R. and Mullol, J. and O'Hehir, R.E. and Papadopoulos, N.G. and Pereira, A.M. and Prokopakis, E.P. and Psarros, F. and Regateiro, F.S. and Reitsma, S. and Samolinski, B. and Scichilone, N. and da Silva, J. and Stellato, C. and Todo-Bom, A. and Tomazic, P.V. and Salmi, S.T. and Valero, A. and Valiulis, A. and Valovirta, E. and van Eerd, M. and Ventura, M.T. and Yorgancioglu, A. and Basagaña, X. and Antó, J.M. and Bousquet, J. and Fonseca, J.A.",
    journal = "Clinical and Translational Allergy",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "11",
    number = "7",
    publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",
    doi = "10.1002/clt2.12062",
    keywords = "allergic rhinitis;  asthma;  Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test score;  disease activity;  disease assessment;  disease control;  effect size;  European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale;  human;  intrarater reliability;  mobile application;  Review;  sleep;  test retest reliability;  validity;  visual analog scale;  Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific Questionnaire",
    abstract = "Background: MASK-air® is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs. Methods: Daily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air® users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test–retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or “VAS Work” (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or “VAS Work” indicating clinical change. Results: A total of 17,780 MASK-air® users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate–high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437–0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test–retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878—“VAS Work” and “VAS asthma” presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed—the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness. Conclusion: In MASK-air®, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate–high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads. © 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology."
}