@article{2999947,
    title = "Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19",
    author = "Bousquet, J. and Czarlewski, W. and Zuberbier, T. and Mullol, J. and Blain, H. and Cristol, J.-P. and De La Torre, R. and Pizarro Lozano, N. and Le Moing, V. and Bedbrook, A. and Agache, I. and Akdis, C.A. and Canonica, G.W. and Cruz, A.A. and Fiocchi, A. and Fonseca, J.A. and Fonseca, S. and Gemicioǧlu, B. and Haahtela, T. and Iaccarino, G. and Ivancevich, J.C. and Jutel, M. and Klimek, L. and Kraxner, H. and Kuna, P. and Larenas-Linnemann, D.E. and Martineau, A. and Melén, E. and Okamoto, Y. and Papadopoulos, N.G. and Pfaar, O. and Regateiro, F.S. and Reynes, J. and Rolland, Y. and Rouadi, P.W. and Samolinski, B. and Sheikh, A. and Toppila-Salmi, S. and Valiulis, A. and Choi, H.-J. and Kim, H.J. and Anto, J.M.",
    journal = "International Archives of Allergy and Immunology",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "182",
    number = "4",
    pages = "324-338",
    publisher = "S Karger AG",
    issn = "1018-2438, 1423-0097",
    doi = "10.1159/000514204",
    keywords = "ankyrin;  reactive oxygen metabolite;  transcription factor NF E2 p45 subunit;  transcription factor Nrf2;  transient receptor potential channel A1;  vanilloid receptor 1;  antioxidant;  biological marker;  NFE2L2 protein, human;  transcription factor Nrf2;  transient receptor potential channel A1;  TRPA1 protein, human;  TRPV1 protein, human;  vanilloid receptor, anosmia;  Article;  broccoli;  coronavirus disease 2019;  coughing;  desensitization;  diarrhea;  human;  inflammation;  morbidity;  nose obstruction;  nutrient;  pain;  priority journal;  receptor potential;  signal transduction;  vagus nerve;  vomiting;  Brassica;  complication;  diagnosis;  down regulation;  immunology;  metabolism;  oxidative stress;  pathogenicity;  procedures;  severity of illness index;  upregulation, Antioxidants;  Biomarkers;  Brassica;  COVID-19;  COVID-19 Testing;  Desensitization, Immunologic;  Down-Regulation;  Humans;  NF-E2-Related Factor 2;  Nutrients;  Oxidative Stress;  SARS-CoV-2;  Severity of Illness Index;  TRPA1 Cation Channel;  TRPV Cation Channels;  Up-Regulation",
    abstract = "In this article, we propose that differences in COVID-19 morbidity may be associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and/or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation as well as desensitization. TRPA1 and TRPV1 induce inflammation and play a key role in the physiology of almost all organs. They may augment sensory or vagal nerve discharges to evoke pain and several symptoms of COVID-19, including cough, nasal obstruction, vomiting, diarrhea, and, at least partly, sudden and severe loss of smell and taste. TRPA1 can be activated by reactive oxygen species and may therefore be up-regulated in COVID-19. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels can be activated by pungent compounds including many nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) (Nrf2)-interacting foods leading to channel desensitization. Interactions between Nrf2-associated nutrients and TRPA1/TRPV1 may be partly responsible for the severity of some of the COVID-19 symptoms. The regulation by Nrf2 of TRPA1/TRPV1 is still unclear, but suggested from very limited clinical evidence. In COVID-19, it is proposed that rapid desensitization of TRAP1/TRPV1 by some ingredients in foods could reduce symptom severity and provide new therapeutic strategies. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel."
}