@article{3000028,
    title = "Repeated leftover serosurvey of sars-cov-2 igg antibodies in greece, may to august 2020",
    author = "Bogogiannidou, Z. and Speletas, M. and Vontas, A. and Nikoulis, D.J. and Dadouli, K. and Kyritsi, M.A. and Mouchtouri, V.A. and Mina, P. and Anagnostopoulos, L. and Koureas, M. and Karavasilis, V. and Nikou, O. and Pinaka, O. and Thomaidis, P.C. and Kadoglou, K. and Bedevis, K. and Spyrou, N. and Eleftheriou, A.A. and Papaevangelou, V. and Gikas, A. and Vatopoulos, A. and Ntzani, E.E. and Prezerakos, P. and Tsiodras, S. and Hadjichristodoulou, C.",
    journal = "Vaccine",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "9",
    number = "5",
    publisher = "MDPI AG",
    issn = "0264-410X",
    doi = "10.3390/vaccines9050504",
    keywords = "immunoglobulin G antibody;  SARS-CoV-2 antibody, adult;  aged;  Article;  case fatality rate;  chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay;  child;  controlled study;  coronavirus disease 2019;  cross-sectional study;  female;  geographic distribution;  Greece;  human;  immune response;  infection fatality rate;  major clinical study;  male;  mortality;  nonhuman;  sensitivity and specificity;  seroepidemiology;  seroprevalence;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2",
    abstract = "A serosurvey of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was conducted in Greece between May and August 2020. It was designed as a cross-sectional survey and was repeated at monthly intervals. The leftover sampling methodology was used and a geographically stratified sampling plan was applied. Of 20,110 serum samples collected, 89 (0.44%) were found to be positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with higher seroprevalence (0.35%) observed in May 2020. The highest seroprevalence was primarily observed in the “30–49” year age group. Females presented higher seroprevalence compared to males in May 2020 (females: 0.58% VS males: 0.10%). This difference reversed during the study period and males presented a higher proportion in August 2020 (females: 0.12% VS males: 0.58%). Differences in the rate of seropositivity between urban areas and the rest of the country were also observed during the study period. The four-month infection fatality rate (IFR) was estimated to be 0.47%, while the respective case fatality rate (CFR) was at 1.89%. Our findings confirm low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Greece during the study period. The young adults are presented as the most affected age group. The loss of the cumulative effect of seropositivity in a proportion of previous SARS-CoV-2 infections was indicated. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}