@article{3000735,
    title = "Potential adjustment methodology for missing data and reporting delay in the HIV surveillance system, European Union/European Economic Area, 2015",
    author = "Rosinska, M. and Pantazis, N. and Janiec, J. and Pharris, A. and Amato-Gauci, A.J. and Quinten, C. and Schmid, D. and Sasse, A. and van Beckhoven, D. and Varleva, T. and Blazic, T.N. and Hadjihannas, L. and Koliou, M. and Maly, M. and Cowan, S. and Rüütel, K. and Liitsola, K. and Salminen, M. and Cazein, F. and Pillonel, J. and Lot, F. and Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. and Nikolopoulos, G. and Paraskeva, D. and Dudas, M. and Briem, H. and Sigmundsdottir, G. and Igoe, D. and O’Donnell, K. and O’Flanagan, D. and Suligoi, B. and Konova, Š. and Erne, S. and Čaplinskienė, I. and Schmit, A.F.J.-C. and Melillo, J.M. and Melillo, T. and de Coul, E.O. and van Sighem, A. and Blystad, H. and Rosinska, M. and Aldir, I. and Martins, H.C. and Mardarescu, M. and Truska, P. and Klavs, I. and Diaz, A. and Axelsson, M. and Delpech, V. and ECDC HIV/AIDS Surveillance Network",
    journal = "Eurosurveillance",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "23",
    number = "23",
    publisher = "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)",
    issn = "1025-496X, 1560-7917",
    doi = "10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.23.1700359",
    keywords = "age;  Article;  Belgium;  Bulgaria;  CD4 lymphocyte count;  controlled study;  Croatia;  Cyprus;  Denmark;  disease surveillance;  Estonia;  European Union;  Finland;  France;  Germany;  Greece;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  Hungary;  Iceland;  Ireland;  Italy;  Latvia;  Liechtenstein;  Lithuania;  Luxembourg;  Malta;  migration;  Netherlands;  Norway;  Poland;  Portugal;  sex;  Slovakia;  Sweden;  United Kingdom;  virus transmission;  disease notification;  Europe;  health survey;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  information processing;  mass screening;  procedures, CD4 Lymphocyte Count;  Data Collection;  Disease Notification;  Europe;  HIV Infections;  Humans;  Mass Screening;  Population Surveillance",
    abstract = "Accurate case-based surveillance data remain the key data source for estimating HIV burden and monitoring prevention efforts in Europe. We carried out a literature review and exploratory analysis of surveillance data regarding two crucial issues affecting European surveillance for HIV: missing data and reporting delay. Initial screening showed substantial variability of these data issues, both in time and across countries. In terms of missing data, the CD4+ cell count is the most problematic variable because of the high proportion of missing values. In 20 of 31 countries of the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), CD4+ counts are systematically missing for all or some years. One of the key challenges related to reporting delays is that countries undertake specific one-off actions in effort to capture previously unreported cases, and that these cases are subsequently reported with excessive delays. Slightly different underlying assumptions and effectively different models may be required for individual countries to adjust for missing data and reporting delays. However, using a similar methodology is recommended to foster harmonisation and to improve the accuracy and usability of HIV surveillance data at national and EU/EEA levels. © The authors, 2018."
}