@article{3002744,
    title = "Lymphatic vessel density is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive factors in human melanoma",
    author = "Bordry, N. and Broggi, M.A.S. and de Jonge, K. and Schaeuble, K. and Gannon, P.O. and Foukas, P.G. and Danenberg, E. and Romano, E. and Baumgaertner, P. and Fankhauser, M. and Wald, N. and Cagnon, L. and Abed-Maillard, S. and Hajjami, H.M.-E. and Murray, T. and Ioannidou, K. and Letovanec, I. and Yan, P. and Michielin, O. and Matter, M. and Swartz, M.A. and Speiser, D.E.",
    journal = "OncoImmunology",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "7",
    number = "8",
    publisher = "Taylor and Francis Inc.",
    issn = "2162-4011, 2162-402X",
    doi = "10.1080/2162402X.2018.1462878",
    keywords = "agatolimod;  antineoplastic agent;  CD19 antigen;  CD4 antigen;  CD8 antigen;  indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase;  inducible nitric oxide synthase;  lyve 1;  membrane protein;  nuclear transcription factor prox 1;  pf 7909;  podoplanin;  secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine;  transcription factor FOXP3;  unclassified drug, analytical parameters;  Article;  cancer patient;  CD8+ T lymphocyte;  cell infiltration;  clinical article;  confocal microscopy;  human;  human tissue;  image analysis;  immune response;  immunofluorescence test;  immunohistochemistry;  lymph node;  lymphangiogenesis;  lymphatic vessel density;  melanoma;  metastasis;  phase 1 clinical trial;  protein expression;  treatment response;  tumor microenvironment;  tumor volume",
    abstract = "Increased density of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels correlates with poor patient survival in melanoma and other cancers, yet lymphatic drainage is essential for initiating an immune response. Here we asked whether and how lymphatic vessel density (LVD) correlates with immune cell infiltration in primary tumors and lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with cutaneous melanoma. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis, we found significant positive correlations between LVD and CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as expression of the immunosuppressive molecules inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 2,3-dioxygénase (IDO). Interestingly, similar associations were seen in tumor-free LNs adjacent to metastatic ones, indicating loco-regional effects of tumors. Our data suggest that lymphatic vessels play multiple roles at tumor sites and LNs, promoting both T cell infiltration and adaptive immunosuppressive mechanisms. Lymph vessel associated T cell infiltration may increase immunotherapy success rates provided that the treatment overcomes adaptive immune resistance. © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published with Taylor & Francis Group."
}