@article{3003538,
    title = "Multi-Residue Determination of 7 β-Agonists in Liver and Meat Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry",
    author = "Karamolegou, F. and Dasenaki, M. and Belessi, V. and Georgakilas, V. and Thomaidis, N.",
    journal = "Food Analytical Methods",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "11",
    number = "10",
    pages = "2925-2942",
    publisher = "Springer New York LLC",
    issn = "1936-9751, 1936-976X",
    doi = "10.1007/s12161-018-1278-y",
    keywords = "Essential oils;  Extraction;  Liver;  Mass spectrometry;  Meats;  Phase separation, Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide;  Commission Decision 2002/657/EC;  Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;  GC-MS;  Multi-residue determination;  Optimum extraction conditions;  Relative standard deviations;  Trishydroxymethylaminomethane, Gas chromatography",
    abstract = "A robust and sensitive methodology, utilizing GC-MS, for the identification and quantitation of seven β-agonist residues (mabuterol, clenbuterol, brombuterol, mapenterol, clenpenterol, clenproperol, and clencyclohexerol), in liver and meat samples, is described. Different extraction procedures, followed by GC/MS measurement, were tested and compared in order to achieve optimum extraction conditions and eliminate matrix effects. The optimized method consisted of consecutive extractions with hydrochloric tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS-HCl) and tert-butyl-methyl ether (TBME), defatting with hexane and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridges. Ν,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was used as a derivatization agent and the GC-EI-MS determination was performed using a MDN-5S capillary column in single-ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition mode. The method was validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, fulfilling all the EU criteria. Quantification was performed via internal standard calibration using deuterated analogs of the compounds. Recoveries ranged from 83 to 118% (mabuterol at concentration levels of 2.0 and 1.5 μg kg−1, respectively) and precision, expressed as %relative standard deviation (% RSD), was in every case lower than the % RSDs obtained from Horwitz equation. The obtained decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) values varied from 0.21 ng g−1 (clenbuterol) to 0.49 ng g−1 (clenproperol, clencyclohexerol) and from 0.60 (mapenterol) to 0.69 ng g−1 (clenpenterol), respectively. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature."
}