@article{3003591,
    title = "Evidence for Efficacy of Treatment with the Anti-PD-1 Mab Nivolumab in Radiation and Multichemorefractory Advanced Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma",
    author = "Trafalis, D.T. and Alifieris, C.E. and Kalantzis, A. and Verigos, K.E. and Vergadis, C. and Sauvage, S.",
    journal = "Journal of Immunotherapy",
    year = "2018",
    volume = "41",
    number = "6",
    pages = "300-305",
    publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
    issn = "1524-9557",
    doi = "10.1097/CJI.0000000000000221",
    keywords = "capecitabine;  carboplatin;  CD8 antigen;  cisplatin;  cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A;  docetaxel;  fluorouracil;  gemcitabine;  nivolumab;  programmed death 1 ligand 1;  programmed death 1 receptor;  vinorelbine tartrate;  antineoplastic agent;  CDKN2A protein, human;  cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A;  nivolumab;  PDCD1 protein, human;  programmed death 1 receptor, active immunotherapy;  adult;  advanced cancer;  Article;  cancer immunotherapy;  cancer patient;  cancer prognosis;  cancer surgery;  case report;  Caucasian;  CD8+ T lymphocyte;  cellulitis;  chemoradiotherapy;  clinical article;  cytotoxic T lymphocyte;  dermatitis;  drug efficacy;  human;  human tissue;  iliac lymph node;  image guided radiotherapy;  immunocompetent cell;  inguinal lymph node;  lymph node;  male;  medical record;  middle aged;  multimodality cancer therapy;  penis carcinoma;  penis glans;  prepuce;  priority journal;  skin infection;  skin necrosis;  skin ulcer;  squamous cell carcinoma;  treatment response;  tumor biopsy;  volumetric modulated arc therapy;  Wart virus;  cancer staging;  drug resistance;  fatality;  genetics;  immunology;  immunotherapy;  metabolism;  mortality;  mutation;  penis tumor;  procedures;  squamous cell carcinoma;  tumor associated leukocyte;  tumor volume, Antineoplastic Agents;  Carcinoma, Squamous Cell;  Chemoradiotherapy;  Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16;  Drug Resistance, Neoplasm;  Fatal Outcome;  Humans;  Immunotherapy;  Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Mutation;  Neoplasm Staging;  Nivolumab;  Penile Neoplasms;  Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor;  T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic;  Tumor Burden",
    abstract = "Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC) is a rare tumor and advanced PeSCC is associated with poor survival due to the aggressiveness of the disease and lack of effective systemic therapies. We describe for the first time a case with advanced chemoradiation refractory PeSCC who had documented response to active immunotherapy with the immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody Nivolumab. The patient suffered from a poor prognosis human papillomavirus-negative PeSCC, with a somatic inactivation mutation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene in tumor cells, and treatment with Nivolumab resulted in a partial response to therapy and significant tumor shrinkage. Histology transitions and alterations in tumorinfiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell lymphocytes, programmed death ligand-1 expression on tumor cells and immune cells in tumor lesion biopsies pretreatment and posttreatment with Nivolumab were observed and described. In conclusion, in patients with metastatic PeSCC active immunotherapy combinations with an anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 agent may be beneficial and further relative clinical studies are required. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved."
}