@article{3003841,
    title = "Validation of EULAR primary Sjögren's syndrome disease activity (ESSDAI) and Patient indexes (ESSPRI)",
    author = "Seror, R. and Theander, E. and Brun, J.G. and Ramos-Casals, M. and Valim, V. and Dörner, T. and Bootsma, H. and Tzioufas, A. and Solans-Laqué, R. and Mandl, T. and Gottenberg, J.-E. and Hachulla, E. and Sivils, K.L. and Ng, W.-F. and Fauchais, A.-L. and Bombardieri, S. and Valesini, G. and Bartoloni, E. and Saraux, A. and Tomsic, M. and Sumida, T. and Nishiyama, S. and Caporali, R. and Kruize, A.A. and Vollenweider, C. and Ravaud, P. and Vitali, C. and Mariette, X. and Bowman, S.J.",
    journal = "Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases",
    year = "2015",
    volume = "74",
    number = "5",
    pages = "859-866",
    publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",
    issn = "0003-4967, 1468-2060",
    doi = "10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204615",
    keywords = "adult;  aged;  Article;  construct validity;  convergent validity;  European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren Syndrome Disease Activity Index;  European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren Syndrome Patient Reported Index;  female;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  medical assessment;  middle aged;  musculoskeletal disease assessment;  physician global assessment;  priority journal;  Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort;  prospective study;  reliability;  scoring system;  Sicca Symptoms Inventory;  Sjoegren syndrome;  Sjoegren Systemic Clinical Activity Index;  validation process;  complication;  Europe;  fatigue;  pain;  pathophysiology;  reproducibility;  self report;  severity of illness index;  Sjogren's Syndrome;  validation study;  xerophthalmia;  xerostomia, Adult;  Aged;  Europe;  Fatigue;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Pain;  Prospective Studies;  Reproducibility of Results;  Self Report;  Severity of Illness Index;  Sjogren's Syndrome;  Xerophthalmia;  Xerostomia",
    abstract = "Objectives: To validate the two recently developed disease activity indexes for assessment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS): the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and the EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). Methods: A prospective international 6-month duration validation study was conducted in 15 countries. At each visit, physicians completed ESSDAI, SS disease activity index (SSDAI), Sjögren's Systemic Clinical Activity Index (SCAI) and physician global assessment (PhGA); and patients completed ESSPRI, Sicca Symptoms Inventory (SSI), Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort (PROFAD) and patient global assessment (PGA). Psychometric properties (construct validity, responsiveness and reliability) were evaluated and compared between scores. Results: Of the 395 patients included, 145 (37%) and 251 (64%) had currently active or current or past systemic manifestations, respectively. EULAR scores had higher correlation with the gold standard than other scores (ESSDAI with PhGA: r=0.59; ESSRPI with PGA: r=0.70). Correlations between patient and systemic scores were very low (ranging from 0.07 to 0.29). All systemic scores had similar large responsiveness in improved patients. Responsiveness of patient scores was low but was significantly higher for ESSPRI compared with SSI and PROFAD. Reliability was very good for all scores. Conclusions: ESSDAI and ESSPRI had good construct validity. All scores were reliable. Systemic scores had a large sensitivity to change in patients whose disease activity improves. Patient scores had a small sensitivity to change, however, significantly better for ESSPRI. Systemic and patient scores poorly correlated, suggesting that they are 2 complementary components that should be both evaluated, but separately."
}