@article{3003899,
    title = "A prospective study on bacterial and atypical etiology of acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
    author = "Nakou, A. and Papaparaskevas, J. and Diamantea, F. and Skarmoutsou, N. and Polychronopoulos, V. and Tsakris, A.",
    journal = "Future Microbiology",
    year = "2014",
    volume = "9",
    number = "11",
    pages = "1251-1260",
    publisher = "Future Medicine Ltd",
    issn = "1746-0913, 1746-0921",
    doi = "10.2217/fmb.14.90",
    keywords = "Acinetobacter baumannii;  aged;  airway obstruction;  Article;  bacterium detection;  chlamydial pneumonia;  Chlamydophila pneumoniae;  chronic obstructive lung disease;  Citrobacter freundii;  Corynebacterium striatum;  Delftia acidovorans;  diagnostic procedure;  disease duration;  disease exacerbation;  Enterobacter cloacae;  Escherichia coli;  female;  Haemophilus influenzae;  Haemophilus parainfluenzae;  hospital patient;  human;  Klebsiella pneumoniae;  length of stay;  lung function;  major clinical study;  male;  Moraxella catarrhalis;  Morganella morganii;  Mycoplasma pneumonia;  Mycoplasma pneumoniae;  polymerase chain reaction;  prospective study;  Pseudomonas aeruginosa;  Serratia marcescens;  smoking;  sputum culture;  Streptococcus pneumoniae;  bacterium identification;  genetics;  hospitalization;  isolation and purification;  microbiology;  middle aged;  procedures;  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive;  respiratory tract infection;  sputum;  very elderly, Bacteria (microorganisms);  Chlamydophila pneumoniae;  Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bacterial DNA, Acinetobacter baumannii;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Bacterial Typing Techniques;  Chlamydophila pneumoniae;  DNA, Bacterial;  Female;  Haemophilus influenzae;  Hospitalization;  Humans;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Mycoplasma pneumoniae;  Polymerase Chain Reaction;  Prospective Studies;  Pseudomonas aeruginosa;  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive;  Respiratory Tract Infections;  Sputum",
    abstract = "Aim: The bacterial and atypical etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was investigated and the diagnostic techniques used were compared among 92 hospitalized patients. Materials & methods: Sputum specimens were investigated using culture and PCR, serological status evaluation was performed and the inflammatory profile was associated with the microbiological results. Results & conclusion: The majority of the patients (65.2%) had very severe airway obstruction. The most common bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.9 and 14.1%, respectively). Acinetobacter baumannii-and P. aeruginosa-positive cultures were associated with prolonged hospitalization and severe airway obstruction (p = 0.03 and 0.031, respectively). Chlamydia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was diagnosed in four and two patients, respectively. Discrepant results were detected between PCR and serology, especially regarding C. pneumoniae. © 2014 Future Medicine Ltd."
}