@article{3004221,
    title = "Serum TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in Weil's syndrome",
    author = "Kyriakidis, I. and Samara, P. and Papa, A.",
    journal = "Cytokine",
    year = "2011",
    volume = "54",
    number = "2",
    pages = "117-120",
    issn = "1043-4666, 1096-0023",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cyto.2011.01.014",
    keywords = "biological marker;  interleukin 10;  interleukin 6;  interleukin 8;  tumor necrosis factor alpha;  tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, adult;  aged;  article;  bacterial strain;  blood sampling;  cause of death;  controlled study;  cytokine response;  diagnostic value;  disease duration;  female;  hemorrhagic fever;  human;  immunopathogenesis;  Leptospira interrogans;  leptospirosis;  lung hemorrhage;  male;  prediction;  priority journal;  prognosis;  protein blood level;  serotype;  survival rate;  T lymphocyte activation;  upregulation, Adult;  Aged;  Female;  Humans;  Interleukin-10;  Interleukin-6;  Interleukin-8;  Leptospirosis;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I;  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Leptospira interrogans;  Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae",
    abstract = "Studies on cytokine levels in Weil's syndrome are lacking. In this study, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured in 44 serum samples of patients diagnosed with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. TNF-α levels linked with pulmonary hemorrhagic implications, while elevated sTNFR1 and IL-10 levels linked with fatal cases. IL-6 and IL-8 did not seem to affect the outcome of the disease. Immune response pattern in Weil's syndrome bears resemblance to other patterns described for hemorrhagic fevers. IL-10/TNF-α ratio is proposed as a marker for prognosis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd."
}