@article{3009153,
    title = "Phytochemical characteristics of bergamot oranges from the Ionian islands of Greece: A multi-analytical approach with emphasis in the distribution of neohesperidose flavanones",
    author = "Tsiokanos, E. and Tsafantakis, N. and Termentzi, A. and Aligiannis, N. and Skaltsounis, L.A. and Fokialakis, N.",
    journal = "Food Chemistry",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "343",
    publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
    issn = "0308-8146, 1873-7072",
    doi = "10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128400",
    keywords = "Liquid chromatography;  Mass spectrometry;  Metabolites;  Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy;  Solar radiation;  Thin layer chromatography, 2D-NMR spectroscopy;  Clustering approach;  Functional products;  Geographical locations;  High performance thin layer chromatography;  Metabolic profiling;  Secondary metabolites;  Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographies, Flavonoids, 6' 7' dihydroxybergamottin;  aurantiin;  bergamjuicin;  bergamottin;  bergapten;  bergaptol;  brutieridin;  chrysoeriol 7 o neohesperidoside;  citropten;  eriocitrin;  eriodictyol 7 o glucoside;  flavanone derivative;  glucoside;  limonin;  limonin glucoside;  lucenin 2;  lucenin 2 4' methylether;  luteolin 7 neohesperidoside;  melitidin;  naringin 6'' malonate;  narirutin;  neodiosmin;  neoeriocitrin;  neohesperidin;  nomilin;  nomilin glucoside;  nomilinic acid;  nomilinic acid glucoside;  orientin 4' methylether;  phytochemical;  picraquassioside a;  pinocembrin 7 o neohesperidoside;  rhoifolin;  rhoifolin 4' o glucoside;  scoparin;  sinensetin;  stellarin 2;  tangeretin;  unclassified drug;  vicenin 2;  vitexin;  disaccharide;  flavanone derivative;  neoeriocitrin;  phytochemical, albedo;  analytic method;  Article;  bergamot juice;  chemical fingerprinting;  drug isolation;  epicarp;  Greece;  hierarchical clustering;  high performance liquid chromatography;  high performance thin layer chromatography;  Ionian Sea;  limit of detection;  limit of quantitation;  mass spectrometry;  metabolic fingerprinting;  nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy;  orange juice;  phytogeography;  reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography;  validation study;  chemistry;  Citrus;  cluster analysis;  fruit;  island (geological);  metabolism;  thin layer chromatography, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid;  Chromatography, Thin Layer;  Citrus;  Cluster Analysis;  Disaccharides;  Flavanones;  Fruit;  Greece;  Islands;  Mass Spectrometry;  Phytochemicals",
    abstract = "The present study describes the peculiar phytochemical characteristics of bergamots cultivated in distinct islands of the Ionian Sea. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) supported by 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy was used for unambiguous metabolic profiling of albedo, flavedo and juice samples. Profile differences were determined using a multi-analytical clustering approach based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprints and UHPLC-HRMS data. Finally, a validated HPLC method offering good precision (0.12–0.94%) and accuracy (95.25–103.93%) was proposed for the quantification of the major flavanones. A total of 37 secondary metabolites were characterized belonging to flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins. Their distribution was tissue-dependent and varied significantly from bergamots of other geographical locations. Surprisingly, neoeriocitrin was the major flavanone, reaching 1.69 ± 0.05 g/L in the juice and 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/g in albedo. This is the highest reported amount among Citrus species, rendering Ionian bergamots a promising candidate for novel functional products. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd"
}