@article{3020326,
    title = "Recent advances in hepatitis b treatment",
    author = "Prifti, G.-M. and Moianos, D. and Zoidis, G. and Giannakopoulou, E. and Pardali, V. and Tavis, J.E.",
    journal = "Pharmaceutics",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "14",
    number = "5",
    publisher = "MDPI AG",
    issn = "1999-4923",
    doi = "10.3390/ph14050417",
    keywords = "2 amino 9 (1 phosphonomethoxycyclopropylmethyl)purine bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) ester;  ab 423;  abi ho731;  adefovir dipivoxil;  alpha interferon;  antivirus agent;  at 130;  bay 414109;  bersacapavir;  besifovir;  besivo;  bms 20047501;  ccc 0346;  ccc 0975;  ciglitazone;  circular DNA;  clevudine;  cyclosporine;  entecavir;  epigallocatechin gallate;  ezetimibe;  fungal extract;  gls 4;  gs 734003;  hepatitis B vaccine;  hepitec;  hydroxytropolone;  immunomodulating agent;  inarigivir soproxil;  irbesartan;  jnj 0440;  jnj 5613679;  jnj 632;  jnj 64794964;  lamivudine;  nucleoside analog;  nvr 3378;  nvr 3778;  oolonghomobisflavan C;  peginterferon alpha2a;  peginterferon alpha2b;  proanthocyanidin;  revovir;  rg 7795;  rg 7834;  rg 7854;  ribonuclease inhibitor;  ro 7020531;  ro 7795;  ro 7854;  rosiglitazone;  selgantolimod;  small interfering RNA;  sulfonamide;  telbivudine;  temsirolimus;  tenofovir alafenamide;  tenofovir disoproxil;  tenofovir exalidex;  tiratricol;  toll like receptor agonist;  unclassified drug;  vanitaracin A;  vebicorvir;  vesatolimod;  virus fusion inhibitor;  zafirlukast, adaptive immunity;  bone disease;  bone marrow suppression;  depression;  drug approval;  drug efficacy;  drug safety;  drug screening;  drug structure;  drug targeting;  epigenetics;  eradication therapy;  fatigue;  flu like syndrome;  hepatitis B;  Hepatitis B virus;  human;  innate immunity;  kidney disease;  life cycle;  mortality;  muscle disease;  myopathy;  nonhuman;  patient compliance;  peripheral neuropathy;  Review;  RNA interference;  RNAi therapeutics;  virus entry;  virus replication",
    abstract = "Hepatitis B virus infection affects over 250 million chronic carriers, causing more than 800,000 deaths annually, although a safe and effective vaccine is available. Currently used antiviral agents, pegylated interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues, have major drawbacks and fail to completely eradicate the virus from infected cells. Thus, achieving a “functional cure” of the infection remains a real challenge. Recent findings concerning the viral replication cycle have led to development of novel therapeutic approaches including viral entry inhibitors, epigenetic control of cccDNA, immune modulators, RNA interference techniques, ribonuclease H inhibitors, and capsid assembly modulators. Promising preclinical results have been obtained, and the leading molecules under development have entered clinical evaluation. This review summarizes the key steps of the HBV life cycle, examines the currently approved anti-HBV drugs, and analyzes novel HBV treatment regimens. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland."
}