@article{3020334,
    title = "Impact of K-ras over-expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma",
    author = "Papanikolaou, V. and Chrysovergis, A. and Mastronikolis, S. and Tsiambas, E. and Ragos, V. and Peschos, D. and Spyropoulou, D. and Pantos, P. and Niotis, A. and Mastronikolis, N. and Kyrodimos, E.",
    journal = "In vivo (Athens, Greece)",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "35",
    number = "3",
    pages = "1611-1615",
    publisher = "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
    doi = "10.21873/invivo.12418",
    keywords = "antineoplastic agent, alcohol consumption;  Article;  cancer chemotherapy;  cancer diagnosis;  cancer grading;  cancer radiotherapy;  cancer staging;  cancer tissue;  carcinogenesis;  clinical feature;  descriptive research;  digital technology;  female;  gene overexpression;  human;  human tissue;  image analysis;  immunohistochemistry;  larynx;  larynx squamous cell carcinoma;  major clinical study;  male;  oncogene K ras;  phenotype;  primary tumor;  smoking;  tumor differentiation;  tumor volume;  gene expression regulation;  genetics;  head and neck tumor;  larynx tumor;  oncogene ras;  squamous cell carcinoma, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell;  Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic;  Genes, ras;  Head and Neck Neoplasms;  Humans;  Laryngeal Neoplasms;  Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck",
    abstract = "Background/Aim: Oncogene up-regulation combined with suppressor gene down-regulation is a crucial genetic combination that promotes cell neoplastic phenotype and progressively malignant transformation in solid malignancies, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Among oncogenes, the Kirsten ras oncogene homolog (K-Ras) is involved in LSCC onset and progression. Patients and Methods: Sixty (n=60) primary LSCC tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Digital image analysis (DIA) was also implemented for measuring K-Ras protein expression levels. Results: High KRas protein expression levels were observed in 20/60 (33.3%) LSCC tissue sections, whereas the rest of the cases (n=40; 66.7%) demonstrated low expression. Overall K-Ras expression was borderline significantly associated to the grade of the examined malignancies (p=0.048), whereas no other strong statistical correlations were identified. A progressive K-Ras overexpression was observed in all grades of the examined cases. Conclusion: K-Ras over expression is correlated to a progressive dedifferentiation in LSCC. © 2021 International Institute of Anticancer Research. All rights reserved."
}