@article{3021105,
    title = "Pharmacological management of diabetic nephropathy",
    author = "Papademetriou, V. and Alataki, S. and Stavropoulos, K. and Papadopoulos, C. and Bakogiannis, K. and Tsioufis, K.",
    journal = "Current Vascular Pharmacology",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "18",
    number = "2",
    pages = "139-147",
    publisher = "Bentham Science Publishers",
    issn = "1570-1611",
    doi = "10.2174/1570161117666190405164749",
    keywords = "albiglutide;  alirocumab;  atorvastatin;  atrasentan;  avosentan;  calcium channel stimulating agent;  canagliflozin;  captopril;  dapagliflozin;  dihydropyridine;  empagliflozin;  enalapril;  endothelin 1 derivative;  evolocumab;  exendin 4;  fenofibrate;  glucagon like peptide receptor agonist;  hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor;  irbesartan;  liraglutide;  losartan;  placebo;  ramipril;  renin inhibitor;  rosuvastatin;  simvastatin;  sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor;  taspoglutide;  telmisartan;  thiazide diuretic agent;  unindexed drug;  angiotensin receptor antagonist;  antidiabetic agent;  antilipemic agent;  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor;  GLP1R protein, human;  glucagon like peptide 1 receptor;  incretin, acute coronary syndrome;  acute heart infarction;  albuminuria;  blood glucose monitoring;  blood pressure monitoring;  cardiovascular mortality;  cardiovascular risk;  diabetes mellitus;  diabetic nephropathy;  diastolic blood pressure;  drug mechanism;  end stage renal disease;  fluid retention;  glomerulus filtration rate;  glucose blood level;  hemodialysis;  human;  hyperkalemia;  hypertension;  kidney function;  kidney injury;  kidney tubule;  lifestyle modification;  microalbuminuria;  phase 3 clinical trial (topic);  renal protection;  renin angiotensin aldosterone system;  Review;  severe renal impairment;  systolic blood pressure;  urea nitrogen blood level;  urinary excretion;  animal;  diabetes mellitus;  diabetic nephropathy;  drug effect;  kidney;  pathophysiology;  treatment outcome, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists;  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors;  Animals;  Diabetes Mellitus;  Diabetic Nephropathies;  Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor;  Humans;  Hypoglycemic Agents;  Hypolipidemic Agents;  Incretins;  Kidney;  Renin-Angiotensin System;  Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors;  Treatment Outcome",
    abstract = "Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Its adverse effects on several body organs, have made treatment of DM a priority. One of the most serious complications of DM is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Objective: The aim of this review is to critically discuss available data on the pharmacological management of DN. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify studies assessing the impact of several drug classes on DN. Results: Several studies have been conducted in order to find a novel and effective treatment of DN. So far, the cornerstone therapy of DN consists of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, agents that decrease the synthesis of intrarenal angiotensin II or block its receptors. Their antiproteinuric and anti-hypertensive effects can not only decelerate the progress of DN but prevent its onset as well. Novel antidiabetic drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), are promising agents in the therapy of DN, due to their positive effect on renal and cardiovascular adverse events. From lipid-lowering agents, atorvastatin improves DN up to stage 3 and substantially reduces CVD. Conclusion: RAS inhibitors, SGLT-2i and GLP-1 agonists were found to be beneficial for the treatment of DN. Larger renal trials are needed in order to incorporate these drugs into the first line treatment of DN. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers."
}