@article{3021988,
    title = "CD4 T cell decline following HIV seroconversion in individuals with and without CXCR4-tropic virus",
    author = "Ghosn, J. and Bayan, T. and Meixenberger, K. and Tran, L. and Frange, P. and Monforte, A.A. and Zangerle, R. and de Mendoza, C. and Krastinova, E. and Porter, K. and Meyer, L. and Chaix, M.-L. and Burns, F. and Chene, G. and Costagliola, D. and Giaquinto, C. and Grarup, J. and Kirk, O. and Meyer, L. and Bailey, H. and Anne, A.V. and Panteleev, A. and Phillips, A. and Thorne, C. and Aboulker, J.-P. and Albert, J. and Asandi, S. and Cene, G. and Costagliola, D. and Monforte, A. and De Wit, S. and Reiss, P. and Del Amo, J. and Gatell, J. and Giaquinto, C. and Hamouda, O. and Karpov, I. and Ledergerber, B. and Lundgren, J. and Malyuta, R. and Møller, C. and Prins, M. and Rakhmanova, A. and Rockstroh, J. and Rosinska, M. and Sandhu, M. and Thorne, C. and Touloumi, G. and Anne, A.V. and Dedes, N. and Fenton, K. and Pizzuti, D. and Vitoria, M. and Fradette, L. and Frost, R. and Cartier, A. and Raben, D. and Schwimmer, C. and Scott, M. and on behalf of the CASCADE Collaboration in EuroCoord",
    journal = "The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy",
    year = "2017",
    volume = "72",
    number = "10",
    pages = "2862-2868",
    publisher = "Oxford University Press",
    doi = "10.1093/jac/dkx247",
    keywords = "CD4 antigen;  chemokine receptor CXCR4;  anti human immunodeficiency virus agent;  chemokine receptor CXCR4;  CXCR4 protein, human;  virus envelope protein, adult;  Article;  blood sampling;  CD4 lymphocyte count;  CD4+ T lymphocyte;  cohort analysis;  envelope gene;  female;  follow up;  frozen section;  gene sequence;  genotyping technique;  human;  Human immunodeficiency virus 1;  major clinical study;  male;  seroconversion;  tropics;  viral tropism;  virus load;  CD4+ T lymphocyte;  disease exacerbation;  genetics;  Human immunodeficiency virus 1;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  immunology;  kinetics;  metabolism;  physiology;  viral tropism;  virology, Adult;  Anti-HIV Agents;  CD4 Lymphocyte Count;  CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes;  Cohort Studies;  Disease Progression;  env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus;  Female;  HIV Infections;  HIV Seropositivity;  HIV-1;  Humans;  Kinetics;  Male;  Receptors, CXCR4;  Viral Load;  Viral Tropism",
    abstract = "Background: THe natural clinical and immunological courses following HIV seroconversion with CXCR4-tropic or dual-mixed (X4/DM) viruses are controversial. We compared spontaneous immunological outcome in patients harbouring an X4/DM virus at the time of seroconversion with those harbouring a CCR5-tropic (R5) virus. Methods: Data were included from patients participating in CASCADE, a large cohort collaboration of HIV seroconverters, with ≥ 2 years of follow-up since seroconversion. The HIV envelope gene was sequenced from frozen plasma samples collected at enrolment, and HIV tropismwas determined using Geno 2Pheno (false-positive rate 10%). The spontaneous CD4 T cell evolution was compared by modelling CD4 kinetics using linear mixed-effects models with random intercept and random slope. Results: A total of 1387 patients were eligible. Median time between seroconversion and enrolment was 1month (range 0-3). At enrolment, 202 of 1387 (15%) harboured an X4/DM-tropic virus. CD4 decrease slopes were not significantly different according to HIV-1 tropism during the first 30months after seroconversion. No marked change in these results was found after adjusting for age, year of seroconversion and baseline HIV viral load. Time to antiretroviral treatment initiation was not statistically different between patients harbouring an R5 (20.76months) and those harbouring an X4/DM-tropic virus (22.86months, logrank test P"0.32). Conclusions: In this large cohort collaboration, 15% of the patients harboured an X4/DM virus close to HIV seroconversion. Patients harbouring X4/DM-tropic viruses close to seroconversion did not have an increased risk of disease progression, estimated by the decline in CD4 T cell count or time to combined ART initiation."
}