@article{3025690,
    title = "Comparability of Raman Spectroscopic Configurations: A Large Scale Cross-Laboratory Study",
    author = "Guo, S. and Beleites, C. and Neugebauer, U. and Abalde-Cela, S. and Afseth, N.K. and Alsamad, F. and Anand, S. and Araujo-Andrade, C. and Aškrabić, S. and Avci, E. and Baia, M. and Baranska, M. and Baria, E. and Batista De Carvalho, L.A.E. and De Bettignies, P. and Bonifacio, A. and Bonnier, F. and Brauchle, E.M. and Byrne, H.J. and Chourpa, I. and Cicchi, R. and Cuisinier, F. and Culha, M. and Dahms, M. and David, C. and Duponchel, L. and Duraipandian, S. and El-Mashtoly, S.F. and Ellis, D.I. and Eppe, G. and Falgayrac, G. and Gamulin, O. and Gardner, B. and Gardner, P. and Gerwert, K. and Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J. and Gizurarson, S. and Gnyba, M. and Goodacre, R. and Grysan, P. and Guntinas-Lichius, O. and Helgadottir, H. and Grošev, V.M. and Kendall, C. and Kiselev, R. and Kölbach, M. and Krafft, C. and Krishnamoorthy, S. and Kubryck, P. and Lendl, B. and Loza-Alvarez, P. and Lyng, F.M. and Machill, S. and Malherbe, C. and Marro, M. and Marques, M.P.M. and Matuszyk, E. and Morasso, C.F. and Moreau, M. and Muhamadali, H. and Mussi, V. and Notingher, I. and Pacia, M.Z. and Pavone, F.S. and Penel, G. and Petersen, D. and Piot, O. and Rau, J.V. and Richter, M. and Rybarczyk, M.K. and Salehi, H. and Schenke-Layland, K. and Schlücker, S. and Schosserer, M. and Schütze, K. and Sergo, V. and Sinjab, F. and Smulko, J. and Sockalingum, G.D. and Stiebing, C. and Stone, N. and Untereiner, V. and Vanna, R. and Wieland, K. and Popp, J. and Bocklitz, T.",
    journal = "ISRN Analytical Chemistry",
    year = "2020",
    volume = "92",
    number = "24",
    pages = "15745-15756",
    publisher = "American Chemical Society",
    issn = "2090-732X",
    doi = "10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02696",
    keywords = "International cooperation;  Raman scattering, Clinical diagnostics;  Excitation wavelength;  Intensity variations;  Measurement conditions;  Physicochemical methods;  Raman spectroscopic;  Real-world scenario;  Science and Technology, Raman spectroscopy",
    abstract = "The variable configuration of Raman spectroscopic platforms is one of the major obstacles in establishing Raman spectroscopy as a valuable physicochemical method within real-world scenarios such as clinical diagnostics. For such real world applications like diagnostic classification, the models should ideally be usable to predict data from different setups. Whether it is done by training a rugged model with data from many setups or by a primary-replica strategy where models are developed on a 'primary' setup and the test data are generated on 'replicate' setups, this is only possible if the Raman spectra from different setups are consistent, reproducible, and comparable. However, Raman spectra can be highly sensitive to the measurement conditions, and they change from setup to setup even if the same samples are measured. Although increasingly recognized as an issue, the dependence of the Raman spectra on the instrumental configuration is far from being fully understood and great effort is needed to address the resulting spectral variations and to correct for them. To make the severity of the situation clear, we present a round robin experiment investigating the comparability of 35 Raman spectroscopic devices with different configurations in 15 institutes within seven European countries from the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action Raman4clinics. The experiment was developed in a fashion that allows various instrumental configurations ranging from highly confocal setups to fibre-optic based systems with different excitation wavelengths. We illustrate the spectral variations caused by the instrumental configurations from the perspectives of peak shifts, intensity variations, peak widths, and noise levels. We conclude this contribution with recommendations that may help to improve the inter-laboratory studies. © 2020 American Chemical Society."
}