@article{3029199,
    title = "Detection of carbapenemase producing enterobacteria using an ion
sensitive field effect transistor sensor",
    author = "Kotsakis, Stathis D. and Miliotis, Georgios and Tzelepi, Eva and and Tzouvelekis, Leonidas S. and Miriagou, Vivi",
    journal = "Scientific Reports",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "11",
    number = "1",
    publisher = "Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research",
    issn = "2045-2322",
    doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-91202-6",
    abstract = "The timely and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacterales (CPE) is imperative to manage this worldwide problem in
an effective fashion. Herein we addressed the question of whether the
protons produced during imipenem hydrolysis could be detected using an
ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). Application of the
methodology on enzyme preparations showed that the sensor is able to
detect carbapenemases of the NDM, IMP, KPC and NMC-A types at low
nanomolar concentrations while VIM and OXA-48 responded at levels above
100 nM. Similar results were obtained when CPE cell suspensions were
tested; NDM, IMP, NMC-A and KPC producers caused fast reductions of the
output potential. Reduction rates with VIM-type and especially OXA-48
producing strains were significantly lower. Based on results with
selected CPEs and carbapenemase-negative enterobacteria, a threshold of
10 mV drop at 30 min was set. Applying this threshold, the method
exhibited 100% sensitivity for NDM, IMP and KPC and 77.3% for VIM
producers. The OXA-48-positive strains failed to pass the detection
threshold. A wide variety of carbapenemase-negative control strains were
all classified as negative (100% specificity). In conclusion, an
ISFET-based approach may have the potential to be routinely used for non
OXA-48-like CPE detection in the clinical laboratory."
}