@article{3029204,
    title = "Bacterial genotoxins induce T cell senescence",
    author = "Mathiasen, Sarah L. and Gall-Mas, Laura and Pateras, Ioannis S. and and Theodorou, Sofia D. P. and Namini, Martin R. J. and Hansen, Morten B. and and Martin, Oceane C. B. and Vadivel, Chella Krishna and Ntostoglou, and Konstantinos and Butter, Deborah and Givskov, Michael and Geisler, and Carsten and Akbar, Arne N. and Gorgoulis, Vassilis G. and Frisan, Teresa and and Odum, Niels and Krejsgaard, Thorbjorn",
    journal = "Cell Reports",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "35",
    number = "10",
    publisher = "Cell Press",
    doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109220",
    abstract = "Several types of pathogenic bacteria produce genotoxins that induce DNA
damage in host cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that a central
function of these genotoxins is to dysregulate the host's immune
response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this
issue, we investigated the effects of the most widely expressed
bacterial genotoxin, the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), on T
cells-the key mediators of adaptive immunity. We show that CDT induces
premature senescence in activated CD4 T cells in vitro and provide
evidence suggesting that infection with genotoxin-producing bacteria
promotes T cell senescence in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that
genotoxin-induced senescent CD4 T cells assume a senescence-associated
secretory phenotype (SASP) which, at least partly, is orchestrated by
the ATMp38 signaling axis. These findings provide insight into the
immunomodulatory properties of bacterial genotoxins and uncover a
putative link between bacterial infections and T cell senescence."
}