@article{3030479,
    title = "Spectrum of Causative Pathogens and Resistance Rates to Antibacterial
Agents in Bacterial Prostatitis",
    author = "Trinchieri, Alberto and Abdelrahman, Khalid Mohammed and Bhatti, Kamran and Hassan and Bello, Jibril O. and Das, Krishanu and Gatsev, Ognyan and and Gergova, Ivanka and Magri, Vittorio and Mourmouras, Nikos and and Mourmouris, Panagiotis and Murdeshwar, Soni and Perletti, Gianpaolo and and Saltirov, Iliya and Sissoko, Idrissa and Stamatiou, Konstantinos and and Buchholz, Noor",
    journal = "DIAGNOSTIC ONCOLOGY",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "11",
    number = "8",
    publisher = "MDPI",
    doi = "10.3390/diagnostics11081333",
    keywords = "bacterial prostatitis; Escherichia coli; Enterobacteriacae;
Gram-positive pathogens; antibiotic; resistance",
    abstract = "Objective: To evaluate spectrum and resistance rates to antibacterial
agents in causative pathogens of bacterial prostatitis in patients from
Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Materials: 1027 isolates
from cultures of urine or expressed prostatic secretion, post-massage
urine or seminal fluid, or urethral samples were considered. Results:
Escherichia colt (32%) and Enterococcus spp. (21%) were the most
common isolates. Other Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and atypical
pathogens accounted for 22%, 20%, and 5%, respectively. Resistance
was <15% for piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems (both
Gram-negative and -positive pathogens); <5% for glycopeptides against
Gram-positive; 7%, 14%, and 20% for aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and
macrolides against Gram-negative pathogens, respectively; 10% for
amoxicillin/clavulanate against Gram-positive pathogens; <20% for
cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones against to Gram-negative pathogens
(higher against Gram-positive pathogens); none for macrolides against
atypical pathogens, but 20% and 27% for fluoroquinolones and
tetracyclines. In West Africa, the resistance rates were generally
higher, although the highest rates for ampicillin, cephalosporins, and
fluoroquinolones were observed in the Gulf area. Lower rates were
observed in Southeastern Europe. Conclusions: Resistance to antibiotics
is a health problem requiring local health authorities to combat this
phenomenon. Knowledge of the spectrum of pathogens and antibiotic
resistance rates is crucial to assess local guidelines for the treatment
of prostatitis."
}