@article{3031994,
    title = "Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endothelial function, arterial
stiffness and myocardial deformation in women with Turner syndrome",
    author = "Peppa, Melpomeni and Pavlidis, George and Mavroeidi, Ioanna and and Katogiannis, Konstantinos and Varoudi, Maria and Thymis, John and and Kostelli, Gavriella and Vlastos, Dimitrios and Plotas, Panagiotis and and Bamias, Aristotelis and Parissis, John and Ikonomidis, Ignatios",
    journal = "JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "39",
    number = "10",
    pages = "2051-2057",
    publisher = "Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins",
    issn = "-",
    doi = "10.1097/HJH.0000000000002903",
    keywords = "arterial stiffness; endothelial function; hormone replacement therapy;
myocardial deformation; Turner syndrome",
    abstract = "Objectives: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with increased
cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether hormone replacement therapy
(HRT) affects endothelial function, arterial stiffness and myocardial
deformation in women with TS. Methods: Twenty-five women with TS were
studied in the estrogen phase of the HRT and two months after
discontinuation of HRT. The following measurements were made:
flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, pulse wave velocity
(PWV-Complior) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), carotid
intima-media thickness (cIMT), aortic (Ao) elastic indexes - namely Ao
strain, distensibility, stiffness index and pressure strain modulus
(E-p) - and left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) using
speckle-tracking echocardiography. Ten healthy female of similar age and
BMI served as a control group. Results: Compared to controls, women with
TS on HRT had higher PWV (9.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.5 m/s), cSBP (130
+/- 15 vs. 121 +/- 6 mmHg), cIMT (0.66 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.05 mm),
aortic stiffness index, E-p and LA strain, and lower FMD (7.2 +/- 4 vs.
10.5 +/- 2.3%), Ao strain, Ao distensibility and GLS (-18.8 +/- 2.7 vs.
-21.9 +/- 1.5%) (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Two months after
discontinuation of HRT, all women increased FMD (11.7 +/- 6 vs. 7.2 +/-
4%) and reduced PWV (7.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.4 m/s) and cSBP (123 +/-
14 vs. 130 +/- 15 mmHg). There were no statistically significant changes
in BMI, cIMT and GLS (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). The percentage
decrease of cSBP was associated with the percentage decrease of PWV (r =
0.54) and reversely related with the percentage increase of FMD (r =
-0.57; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: HRT in women with TS
may deteriorate endothelial function contributing to increased arterial
stiffness and central arterial blood pressure."
}