@article{3032827,
    title = "Botulinum toxin type A treatment is associated with improved social and
psychological behavior: A retrospective study",
    author = "Sykianakis, Dimitris and Stratigos, Alexander and Chatziioannou, Argiro and and Christodoulou, Christos",
    journal = "Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "21",
    number = "1",
    pages = "142-148",
    publisher = "Wiley",
    issn = "1473-2130, 1473-2165",
    doi = "10.1111/jocd.14627",
    keywords = "botulinum toxin type A; emotions; face; facial muscles; Onabotulinum
toxin; socialization",
    abstract = "Background The human face significantly affects the individuals’ quality
of life, attitude, and mental state. The study of anatomy would always
be on the spotlight, as the beauty of the face is desired by humans
worldwide. However, age, stress, and negative emotions could lead to
stimulation of the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles in the
glabellar region and, subsequently, to alterations in face’s
characteristics, which could be associated with isolation and avoidance
of engaging in social contacts. Aims Here, we aimed to examine the
degree to which treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT A) can
affect patients’ quality of life and mental state. Patients/Methods The
data collection was performed using 11 questionnaires, which were filled
by 83 individuals who underwent BoNT A treatment (sex, 95% female and
5% male; mean age, 48 years). Results The results showed that the
treatment with BoNT A improved the patients’ social and psychological
behavior, and their opinion regarding their appearance. This effect
developed within 1 month following completion of the treatment.
Moreover, the effect was higher in patients’ social behavior and was
better in patients aged 40-49 years compared to those aged Thus, BoNT A
treatment could be considered as an important way to improve the social
behavior and socialization of individuals by raising their psychology
and self-esteem."
}