@article{3032973,
    title = "Low Admission Immunoglobulin G Levels Predict Poor Outcome in Patients
with Mild-to-Critical COVID-19: A Prospective, Single-Center Study",
    author = "Vrettou, Charikleia S. and Vassiliou, Alice G. and Kakkas, Ioannis and and Jahaj, Edison and Tsipilis, Stamatios and Athanasiou, Nikolaos and and Zacharis, Alexandros and Keskinidou, Chrysi and Papageorgiou, Aikaterini and and Orfanos, Stylianos E. and Kotanidou, Anastasia and Dimopoulou, and Ioanna",
    journal = "Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health",
    year = "2021",
    volume = "11",
    number = "4",
    pages = "338-343",
    publisher = "SPRINGERNATURE",
    issn = "2210-6006",
    doi = "10.1007/s44197-021-00002-8",
    keywords = "Immunoglobulin G; COVID-19; Mortality; Intensive care unit",
    abstract = "Introduction Immunoglobulins (Igs) comprise a critical part of the
immune response. Little information exists on Ig serum levels in
COVID-19 patients. We, therefore, investigated whether hospital
admission Igs in patients with mild-to-critical disease are associated
with clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods This prospective, observational, single-center,
cross-sectional study included 126 consecutive noncritically ill and
critically ill and COVID-19 patients, in whom IgG, IgM, and IgA were
measured on hospital admission.
Results The cohort was divided in survivors and non-survivors, based on
in-hospital mortality. Median IgG levels of survivors were significantly
higher than non-survivors (p < 0.01). The cohort was subsequently
divided in IgG deficient (< 690 mg/ dl) and sufficient (>= 690 mg/dl)
patients. IgG-deficient patients had a higher mortality rate (p < 0.01).
The multivariate logistic regression model showed that subnormal IgG was
significantly associated with increased mortality risk (p < 0.01).
Conclusion In our COVID-19 cohort, admission subnormal IgG levels might
be independently associated with reduced survival."
}