@article{3034370,
    title = "Apathy as a Treatment Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for
Clinical Trials",
    author = "Mortby, Moyra E. and Adler, Lawrence and Aguera-Ortiz, Luis and Bateman, and Daniel R. and Brodaty, Henry and Cantillon, Marc and Geda, Yonas E. and and Ismail, Zahinoor and Lanctot, Krista L. and Marshall, Gad A. and Padala, and Prasad R. and Politis, Antonios and Rosenberg, Paul B. and Siarkos, and Kostas and Sultzer, David L. and Theleritis, Christos and Pia, Istaart and Nps",
    journal = "American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry",
    year = "2022",
    volume = "30",
    number = "2",
    pages = "119-147",
    publisher = "EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC",
    issn = "1064-7481, 1545-7214",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.016",
    keywords = "apathy; treatment target; neurocognitive disorders; assessment; future
directions; pre-dementia states; ISTAART neuropsychiatric; syndromes
professional interest area",
    abstract = "Apathy is one of the most prevalent, stable and persistent
neuropsychiatric symptom across the neurocognitive disorders spectrum.
Recent advances in understanding of phenomenology, neurobiology and
intervention trials highlight apathy as an important target for clinical
intervention. We conducted a comprehensive review and critical
evaluation of recent advances to determine the evidence-based
suggestions for future trial designs. This review focused on 4 key
areas: 1) pre-dementia states; 2) assessment; 3) mechanisms/biomarkers
and 4) treatment/intervention efficacy. Considerable progress has been
made in understanding apathy as a treatment target and appreciating
pharmacological and non-pharmacological apathy treatment interventions.
Areas requiring greater investigation include: diagnostic procedures,
symptom measurement, understanding the biological mechanisms/biomarkers
of apathy, and a well formed approach to the development of treatment
strategies. A better under- standing of the subdomains and biological
mechanisms of apathy will advance apathy as a treatment target for
clinical trials. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:119-147)"
}