@article{3035354,
    title = "Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea",
    author = "Tintoré, J. and Pinardi, N. and Álvarez-Fanjul, E. and Aguiar, E. and Álvarez-Berastegui, D. and Bajo, M. and Balbin, R. and Bozzano, R. and Nardelli, B.B. and Cardin, V. and Casas, B. and Charcos-Llorens, M. and Chiggiato, J. and Clementi, E. and Coppini, G. and Coppola, L. and Cossarini, G. and Deidun, A. and Deudero, S. and D'Ortenzio, F. and Drago, A. and Drudi, M. and El Serafy, G. and Escudier, R. and Farcy, P. and Federico, I. and Fernández, J.G. and Ferrarin, C. and Fossi, C. and Frangoulis, C. and Galgani, F. and Gana, S. and García Lafuente, J. and Sotillo, M.G. and Garreau, P. and Gertman, I. and Gómez-Pujol, L. and Grandi, A. and Hayes, D. and Hernández-Lasheras, J. and Herut, B. and Heslop, E. and Hilmi, K. and Juza, M. and Kallos, G. and Korres, G. and Lecci, R. and Lazzari, P. and Lorente, P. and Liubartseva, S. and Louanchi, F. and Malacic, V. and Mannarini, G. and March, D. and Marullo, S. and Mauri, E. and Meszaros, L. and Mourre, B. and Mortier, L. and Muñoz-Mas, C. and Novellino, A. and Obaton, D. and Orfila, A. and Pascual, A. and Pensieri, S. and Pérez Gómez, B. and Pérez Rubio, S. and Perivoliotis, L. and Petihakis, G. and de la Villéon, L.P. and Pistoia, J. and Poulain, P.-M. and Pouliquen, S. and Prieto, L. and Raimbault, P. and Reglero, P. and Reyes, E. and Rotllan, P. and Ruiz, S. and Ruiz, J. and Ruiz, I. and Ruiz-Orejón, L.F. and Salihoglu, B. and Salon, S. and Sammartino, S. and Sánchez Arcilla, A. and Sánchez-Román, A. and Sannino, G. and Santoleri, R. and Sardá, R. and Schroeder, K. and Simoncelli, S. and Sofianos, S. and Sylaios, G. and Tanhua, T. and Teruzzi, A. and Testor, P. and Tezcan, D. and Torner, M. and Trotta, F. and Umgiesser, G. and von Schuckmann, K. and Verri, G. and Vilibic, I. and Yucel, M. and Zavatarelli, M. and Zodiatis, G.",
    journal = "FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE",
    year = "2019",
    volume = "6",
    publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A",
    doi = "10.3389/fmars.2019.00568",
    abstract = "The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstream services in response to the needs of the heavily populated Mediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level of Mediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system. © Copyright © 2019 Tintoré, Pinardi."
}