@article{3045814,
    title = "ENDOSCOPIC DRAINAGE OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLECYSTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH
INCREASED OPERATIVE RISK",
    author = "FERETIS, C and APOSTOLIDIS, N and MALLAS, E and MANOURAS, A and and PAPADIMITRIOU, J",
    journal = "Gastrointestinal Endoscopy",
    year = "1993",
    volume = "25",
    number = "6",
    pages = "392-395",
    publisher = "Georg Thieme Verlag",
    issn = "0016-5107",
    doi = "10.1055/s-2007-1010347",
    abstract = "Emergency biliary surgery for acute obstructive cholecystitis in the
elderly is associated with an increased hospital mortality. We therefore
attempted to drain the obstructed gallbladder via the transpapillary
route in 18 patients (mean age: 67 years) who had cystic duct
obstruction on ERC and who were at an increased surgical risk. A
cholecystonasal catheter was successfully introduced after a small EPT
in sixteen of them (89 %). This resulted in effective bile drainage,
obviating the need for emergency surgery in all patients. No
procedure-associated morbidity or mortality was found. Following
clinical remission, elective treatment consisted of ESWL/direct stone
dissolution (n = 10) or elective surgery (n = 3). Three patients
received no further therapy. Our results show that endoscopic
gallbladder drainage may be a valuable alternative to emergency surgery
in high risk patients with acute obstructive cholecystitis."
}