@article{3047185,
    title = "EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGY GENERATED IN NUCLEAR CASCADES
BY A HIGH-ENERGY BEAM",
    author = "ANDRIAMONJE, S and ANGELOPOULOS, A and APOSTOLAKIS, A and ATTALE, F and and BRILLARD, L and BUONO, S and CALERO, J and CARMINATI, F and CASAGRANDE, and F and CENNINI, P and CHARALAMBOUS, S and DELMORAL, R and ELEFTHERIADIS, and C and GALLEGO, E and GALVEZ, J and GARCIATABARES, L and GELES, C and and GOULAS, I and GIORNI, A and GONZALEZ, E and HUSSONNOIS, M and JAREN, J and and KLAPISCH, R and KOKKAS, P and LEMEILLEUR, F and LINDECKER, G and and LIOLIOS, A and LOISEAUX, JM and LOPEZ, C and LORENTE, A and MACRI, M and and MARTINEZVAL, JM and NIFENECKER, H and OROPESA, J and PAVLOPOULOS, P and and PINSTON, JA and REVOL, JP and ROCHE, C and RUBBIA, C and RUBIO, JA and and SAKELARIOU, K and SAKELLIOU, L and SALDANA, F and SCHUSSLER, F and and TAMARIT, J and TRUBERT, D and VIANO, JB and VIEIRA, S and VLACHOS, S and and LI, X and ZARRIS, G",
    journal = "PHYSICS LETTERS B",
    year = "1995",
    volume = "348",
    number = "3-4",
    pages = "697-709",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV",
    issn = "0370-2693",
    doi = "10.1016/0370-2693(95)00154-D",
    abstract = "An already existing, sub-critical arrangement made of natural uranium
and water moderator has been exposed to a low intensity (approximate to
10(9) ppp) proton beam from CERN-PS at several kinetic energies from 600
MeV to 2.75 GeV. The energy delivered by the hadronic cascade induced by
the beam in the device has been measured by the temperature rise of
small sampling blocks of uranium located in several different positions
inside the device and counting the fissions in thin probe foils of
natural uranium. We find typically G approximate to 30 in reasonable
agreement with calculations, where G is the ratio of the energy produced
in the device to the energy delivered by the beam. This result opens the
way to the realisation of the so-called Energy Amplifier, a practical
device to produce energy from thorium or depleted uranium targets
exposed to an intense high energy proton beam. Results show that the
optimal kinetic energy is greater than or equal to 1 GeV, below which G
decreases but is still acceptable in the energy range explored."
}