@article{3050039,
    title = "Charged particle multiplicity in e(+)e(-)-> q(q)over-bar events at 161
and 172 GeV and from the decay of the W boson",
    author = "Abreu, P and Adam, W and Adye, T and Ajinenko, I and Alekseev, GD and and Alemany, R and Allport, PP and Almehed, S and Amaldi, U and Amato, S and and Andersson, P and Andreazza, A and Antilogus, P and Apel, WD and Arnoud, and Y and Asman, B and Augustin, JE and Augustinus, A and Baillon, P and and Bambade, P and Barao, F and Barbi, M and Bardin, DY and Barker, G and and Baroncelli, A and Barring, O and Bates, MJ and Battaglia, M and and Baubillier, M and Baudot, J and Becks, KH and Begalli, M and Beilliere, and P and Belokopytov, Y and Belous, K and Benvenuti, AC and Berat, C and and Berggren, M and Bertini, D and Bertrand, D and Besancon, M and Bianchi, and F and Bigi, M and Bilenky, MS and Billoir, P and Bizouard, MA and Bloch, and D and Blume, M and Bonesini, M and Bonivento, W and Boonekamp, M and and Booth, PSL and Borgland, AW and Borisov, G and Bosio, C and Botner, O and and Boudinov, E and Bouquet, B and Bourdarios, C and Bowcock, TJV and and Bozzo, M and Branchini, P and Brand, KD and Brenke, T and Brenner, RA and and Brown, RCA and Bruckman, P and Brunet, JM and Bugge, L and Buran, T and and Burgsmueller, T and Buschmann, P and Cabrera, S and Caccia, M and and Calvi, M and Rozas, AJC and Camporesi, T and Canale, V and Canepa, M and and Carena, F and Carroll, L and Caso, C and Gimenez, MVC and Cattai, A and and Cavallo, FR and Chabaud, V and Charpentier, P and Chaussard, L and and Checchia, P and Chelkov, GA and Chen, M and Chierici, R and Chliapnikov, and P and Chochula, P and Chorowicz, V and Chudoba, J and Cindro, V and and Collins, P and Colomer, M and Contri, R and Cortina, E and Cosme, G and and Cossutti, F and Cowell, JH and Crawley, HB and Crennell, D and Crosetti, and G and Maestro, JC and Czellar, S and Dahm, J and Dalmagne, B and and Damgaard, G and Dauncey, PD and Davenport, M and Da Silva, W and and Deghorain, A and Della Ricca, G and Delpierre, P and Demaria, N and De and Angelis, A and De Boer, W and De Brabandere, S and De Clercq, C and De and la Vaissiere, C and De Lotto, B and De Min, A and De Paula, L and and Dijkstra, H and Di Ciaccio, L and Di Diodato, A and Djannati, A and and Dolbeau, J and Doroba, K and Dracos, M and Drees, J and Drees, KA and and Dris, M and Durand, JD and Edsall, D and Ehret, R and Eigen, G and and Ekelof, T and Ekspong, G and Elsing, M and Engel, JP and Erzen, B and and Santo, ME and Falk, E and Fanourakis, G and Fassouliotis, D and Feindt, and M and Fenyuk, A and Ferrari, P and Ferrer, A and Fichet, S and Filippas, and TA and Firestone, A and Fischer, PA and Foeth, H and Fokitis, E and and Fontanelli, F and Formenti, F and Franek, B and Frodesen, AG and and Fruhwirth, R and Fulda-Quenzer, F and Fuster, J and Galloni, A and and Gamba, D and Gandelman, M and Garcia, C and Garcia, J and Gaspar, C and and Gasparini, U and Gavillet, P and Gazis, EN and Gele, D and Gerber, JP and and Gerdyukov, L and Gokieli, R and Golob, B and Goncalves, P and Gopal, and G and Gorn, L and Gorski, M and Gouz, Y and Gracco, V and Graziani, E and and Green, C and Grefrath, A and Gris, P and Grosdidier, G and Grzelak, and K and Gunther, M and Guy, J and Hahn, F and Hahn, S and Hajduk, Z and and Hallgren, A and Hamacher, K and Harris, FJ and Hedberg, V and Henriques, and R and Hernandez, JJ and Herquet, P and Herr, H and Hessing, TL and and Heuser, JM and Higon, E and Holmgren, SO and Holt, PJ and Holthuizen, D and and Hoorelbeke, S and Houlden, M and Hrubec, J and Huet, K and and Hultqvist, K and Jackson, JN and Jacobsson, R and Jalocha, P and Janik, and R and Jarlskog, C and Jarlskog, G and Jarry, P and Jean-Marie, B and and Johansson, EK and Jonsson, L and Jonsson, P and Joram, C and Juillot, P and and Kaiser, M and Kapusta, F and Karafasoulis, K and Karvelas, E and and Katsanevas, S and Katsoufis, EC and Keranen, R and Khokhlov, Y and and Khomenko, BA and Khovanski, NN and King, B and Kjaer, NJ and Klapp, O and and Klein, H and Kluit, P and Knoblauch, D and Kokkinias, P and and Koratzinos, M and Korcyl, K and Kostioukhine, V and Kourkoumelis, C and and Kouznetsov, O and Krammer, M and Kreuter, C and Kronkvist, I and Krstic, and J and Krumstein, Z and Krupinski, W and Kubinec, P and Kucewicz, W and and Kurvinen, K and Lacasta, C and Laktineh, I and Lamsa, JW and Lanceri, L and and Lane, DW and Langefeld, P and Laugier, JP and Lauhakangas, R and and Leder, G and Ledroit, F and Lefebure, V and Legan, CK and Leisos, A and and Leitner, R and Lemonne, J and Lenzen, G and Lepeltier, V and Lesiak, T and and Lethuillier, M and Libby, J and Liko, D and Lipniacka, A and Lippi, and I and Loerstad, B and Loken, JG and Lopez, JM and Loukas, D and Lutz, P and and Lyons, L and MacNaughton, J and Maehlum, G and Mahon, JR and Maio, A and and Malmgren, TGM and Malychev, V and Mandl, F and Marco, J and Marco, R and and Marechal, B and Margoni, M and Marin, JC and Mariotti, C and Markou, and A and Martinez-Rivero, C and Martinez-Vidal, F and Garcia, SMI and and Masik, J and Matorras, F and Matteuzzi, C and Matthiae, G and Mazzucato, and M and Mc Cubbin, M and Mc Kay, R and Mc Nulty, R and Mc Pherson, G and and Medbo, J and Meroni, C and Meyer, S and Meyer, WT and Michelotto, M and and Migliore, E and Mirabito, L and Mitaroff, WA and Mjoernmark, U and Moa, and T and Moeller, R and Moenig, K and Monge, MR and Morettini, P and and Mueller, H and Muenich, K and Mulders, M and Mundim, LM and Murray, WJ and and Muryn, B and Myatt, G and Myklebust, T and Naraghi, F and Navarria, and FL and Navas, S and Nawrocki, K and Negri, P and Nemecek, S and Neumann, and W and Neumeister, N and Nicolaidou, R and Nielsen, BS and Nieuwenhuizen, and M and Nikolaenko, V and Nikolenko, M and Niss, P and Nomerotski, A and and Normand, A and Nygren, A and Oberschulte-Beckmann, W and Obraztsov, V and and Olshevski, AG and Onofre, A and Orava, R and Orazi, G and Ortuno, S and and Osterberg, K and Ouraou, A and Paganini, P and Paganoni, M and and Paiano, S and Pain, R and Palka, H and Papadopoulou, TD and and Papageorgiou, K and Pape, L and Parkes, C and Parodi, F and Parzefall, U and and Passeri, A and Pegoraro, M and Peralta, L and Pernegger, H and and Pernicka, M and Perrotta, A and Petridou, C and Petrolini, A and and Phillips, HT and Piana, G and Pierre, F and Pimenta, M and Piotto, E and and Podobnik, T and Podobrin, O and Pol, ME and Polok, G and Poropat, P and and Pozdniakov, V and Privitera, P and Pukhaeva, N and Pullia, A and and Radojicic, D and Ragazzi, S and Rahmani, H and Ratoff, PN and Read, AL and and Reale, M and Rebecchi, P and Redaelli, NG and Regler, M and Reid, D and and Reinhardt, R and Renton, PB and Resvanis, LK and Richard, F and and Ridky, J and Rinaudo, G and Rohne, O and Romero, A and Ronchese, P and and Roos, L and Rosenberg, EI and Rosinsky, P and Roudeau, P and Rovelli, T and and Ruhlmann-Kleider, V and Ruiz, A and Rybicki, K and Saarikko, H and and Sacquin, Y and Sadovsky, A and Sajot, G and Salt, J and Sannino, M and and Schneider, H and Schwickerath, U and Schyns, MAE and Sciolla, G and and Scuri, F and Seager, P and Sedykh, Y and Segar, AM and Seitz, A and and Sekulin, R and Serbelloni, L and Shellard, RC and Sheridan, A and and Siegrist, P and Silvestre, R and Simonetto, F and Sisakian, AN and and Skaali, TB and Smadja, G and Smirnov, N and Smirnova, O and Smith, GR and and Solovianov, O and Sosnowski, R and Souza-Santos, D and Spassov, T and and Spiriti, E and Sponholz, P and Squarcia, S and Stampfer, D and and Stanescu, C and Stanic, S and Stapnes, S and Stavitski, I and Stevenson, and K and Stocchi, A and Strauss, J and Strub, R and Stugu, B and and Szczekowski, M and Szeptycka, M and Tabarelli, T and Tavernet, JP and and Tchikilev, O and Tegenfeldt, F and Terranova, F and Tomas, J and and Tilquin, A and Timmermans, J and Tkatchev, LG and Todorov, T and and Todorova, S and Toet, DZ and Tomaradze, A and Tome, B and Tonazzo, A and and Tortora, L and Transtromer, G and Treille, D and Tristram, G and and Trombini, A and Troncon, C and Tsirou, A and Turluer, ML and Tyapkin, IA and and Tyndel, M and Tzamarias, S and Ueberschaer, B and Ullaland, O and and Uvarov, V and Valenti, G and Vallazza, E and Van Apeldoorn, GW and Van and Dam, P and Van Eldik, J and Van Lysebetten, A and Vassilopoulos, N and and Vegni, G and Ventura, L and Venus, W and Verbeure, F and Verlato, M and and Vertogradov, LS and Vilanova, D and Vincent, P and Vitale, L and Vlasov, and E and Vodopyanov, AS and Vrba, V and Wahlen, H and Walck, C and Waldner, and F and Weiser, C and Wetherell, AM and Wicke, D and Wickens, JH and and Wielers, M and Wilkinson, GR and Williams, WSC and Winter, M and Witek, and M and Wlodek, T and Yi, J and Yip, K and Yushchenko, O and Zach, F and and Zaitsev, A and Zalewska, A and Zalewski, P and Zavrtanik, D and and Zevgolatakos, E and Zimin, NI and Zucchelli, GC and Zumerle, G and and DELPHI Collaborat",
    journal = "PHYSICS LETTERS B",
    year = "1998",
    volume = "416",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "233-246",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV",
    issn = "0370-2693",
    doi = "10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01248-3",
    abstract = "The data collected by DELPHI in 1996 have been used to measure the
average charged particle multiplicities and dispersions in q (q) over
bar events at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 161 GeV and root s =
172 GeV, and the average charge multiplicity in WW events at root s =
172 GeV. The multiplicities in q (q) over bar events are consistent with
the evolution predicted by QCD. The dispersions in the multiplicity
distributions are consistent with Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling. The
average multiplicity of charged particles in hadronic W decays has been
measured for the first time; its value, 19.23 +/- 0.74(stat + syst), is
consistent with that expected for an e(+)e(-) interaction at a
centre-of-mass energy equal to the W mass. The charged particle
multiplicity in W decays shows no evidence of effects of colour
reconnection between partons from different W’s at the present level of
statistics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V."
}