@article{3051198,
    title = "Fixed subaortic stenosis revisited - Congenital abnormalities in 72 new
cases and review of the literature",
    author = "Tentolouris, K and Kontozoglou, T and Trikas, A and Brilli, S and and Chlapoutakis, E and Exadactylos, N and Pitsavos, C and Toutouzas, P",
    journal = "European Cardiology Review",
    year = "1999",
    volume = "92",
    number = "1",
    pages = "4-10",
    publisher = "Karger",
    doi = "10.1159/000006939",
    keywords = "congenital heart disease; congenital abnormalities; aortic stenosis",
    abstract = "Seventy-two patients aged 2-65 years (mean 20.2) with fixed subaortic
stenosis (FSS) are reported. All patients underwent echocardiography and
angiography prior to surgical intervention, Sixty-four (89%) had
discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) and 8 (11%) tunnel type stenosis
(TSS). Patients with DSS aged 2-65 years (mean 29) while patients with
TSS aged 10-34 years (mean 19) and had a distinct female preponderance
(7:1). Twenty-five patients (39%) with DSS had other congenital
abnormalities of which aortic stenosis associated with bicuspid aortic
valve was slightly more common than ventricular septal defect (7:6),
Five patients with TSS had a small aortic annulus and hypoplastic aorta.
Our data and those in the literature indicate that TSS although related
to DSS has certain features that may set it apart as a distinct entity.
In addition DSS appears to be associated with aortic stenosis and
bicuspid aortic valve as frequently as with ventricular septal defect.
Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel."
}