@article{3052018,
    title = "Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central Pb
plus Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon",
    author = "Appelshauser, H and Bachler, J and Bailey, SJ and Barna, D and Barnby, and LS and Bartke, J and Barton, RA and Betev, L and Bialkowska, H and and Billmeier, A and Blyth, CO and Bock, R and Boimska, B and Bormann, C and and Brady, FP and Brockmann, R and Brun, R and Buncic, P and Caines, HL and and Carr, LD and Cebra, D and Cooper, GE and Cramer, JG and Cristinziani, M and and Csato, P and Dunn, J and Eckardt, V and Eckhardt, F and Ferguson, MI and and Fischer, HG and Flierl, D and Fodor, Z and Foka, P and Freund, P and and Friese, V and Fuchs, M and Gabler, F and Gal, J and Ganz, R and and Gazdzicki, M and Geist, W and Gladysz, E and Grebieszkow, J and Gunther, and J and Harris, JW and Hegyi, S and Henkel, T and Hill, LA and Hummler, H and and Igo, G and Irmscher, D and Jacobs, P and Jones, PG and Kadija, K and and Kolesnikov, VI and Kowalski, M and Lasiuk, B and Levai, P and Malakhov, and AI and Margetis, S and Markert, C and Melkumov, GL and Mock, A and and Molnar, J and Nelson, JM and Oldenburg, M and Odyniec, G and Palla, G and and Panagiotou, AD and Petridis, A and Piper, A and Porter, RJ and and Poskanzer, AM and Prindle, DJ and Puhlhofer, F and Reid, JG and and Renfordt, R and Retyk, W and Ritter, HG and Rohrich, D and Roland, C and and Roland, G and Rudolph, H and Rybicki, A and Sammer, T and Sandoval, A and and Sann, H and Semenov, AY and Schafer, E and Schmischke, D and and Schmitz, N and Schonfelder, S and Seyboth, P and Seyerlein, J and and Sikler, F and Skrzypczak, E and Snellings, R and Squier, GTA and Stock, and R and Strobele, H and Struck, C and Susa, T and Szentpetery, I and and Sziklai, J and Toy, M and Trainor, TA and Trentalange, S and Ullrich, T and and Vassiliou, M and Veres, G and Vesztergombi, G and Voloshin, S and and Vranic, D and Wang, F and Weerasundara, DD and Wenig, S and Whitten, C and and Wienold, T and Wood, L and Xu, N and Yates, TA and Zimanyi, J and and Zhu, XZ and Zybert, R and NA49 Collaboration",
    journal = "PHYSICS LETTERS B",
    year = "1999",
    volume = "459",
    number = "4",
    pages = "679-686",
    publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV",
    issn = "0370-2693",
    doi = "10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00673-5",
    abstract = "We present first data on event-by-event fluctuations in the average
transverse momentum of charged particles produced in Pb + Pb collisions
at the CERN SPS. This measurement provides previously unavailable
information allowing sensitive tests of microscopic and thermodynamic
collision models and to search for fluctuations expected to occur in the
vicinity of the predicted QCD phase transition. We find that the
observed variance of the event-by-event average transverse momentum is
consistent with independent particle production modified by the known
two-particle correlations due to quantum statistics and final state
interactions and folded with the resolution of the NA49 apparatus. For
two specific models of non-statistical fluctuations in transverse
momentum limits are derived in terms of fluctuation amplitude. We show
that a significant part of the parameter space for a model of isospin
fluctuations predicted as a consequence of chiral symmetry restoration
in a non-equilibrium scenario is excluded by our measurement. (C) 1999
Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved."
}