@article{3053048,
    title = "CD28 costimulation and CD28 expression in T lymphocyte subsets in HIV-1
infection with and without progression to AIDS",
    author = "Choremi-Papadopoulou, H and Panagiotou, N and Samouilidou, E and and Kontopidou, F and Viglis, V and Antoniadou, A and Kosmidis, J and and Kordossis, T",
    journal = "Clinical and Experimental Immunology",
    year = "2000",
    volume = "119",
    number = "3",
    pages = "499-506",
    publisher = "Blackwell Science Ltd Oxford, UK",
    doi = "10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01153.x",
    keywords = "HIV-1; CD28 costimulation; CD28 expression; predictive value;
correlation",
    abstract = "In a prospective study of 152 HIV-1 patients (with and without
progression to AIDS) we examined CD28 MoAb costimulation and CD3 MoAb
response using whole blood culture at baseline and up to either the time
of AIDS diagnosis or the end of the observation period. CD28 antigen
expression on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes was also studied in
both groups of patients. In patients who progressed to AIDS, CD28 MoAb
costimulation was found to be decreased. Univariate time-dependent
analysis showed that decreases in (i) absolute numbers of either CD4(+),
CD4(+)CD28(+), CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells, (ii) CD28 MoAb costimulation, and
(iii) CD3 MoAb response, and an increase in CD8(+)CD28(-) %, are
significant predictors for progression to AIDS. In addition,
multivariate time-dependent analysis demonstrated that a decrease in
CD28 MoAb costimulation (but not a decrease in CD3 MoAb response) was
predictive for progression to AIDS, as were decreases in the percentage
of CD4(+) T cells and the absolute number of CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells.
Thus, CD28 MoAb costimulation can be considered a useful assay for
monitoring HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, apart from the early increase
in the percentage of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells and an increase in the
percentage of CD28(-) on CD8(+) T cells in both groups of patients at
baseline compared with normal controls, a negative correlation was found
to exist between the percentages of CD4(+) or CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells and
the percentage of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells; this suggests that these cells
are probably mutually regulated."
}